Peace for the World

Peace for the World
First democratic leader of Justice the Godfather of the Sri Lankan Tamil Struggle: Honourable Samuel James Veluppillai Chelvanayakam

Wednesday, January 25, 2017

For Japan, a New Military Satellite and, Maybe Later, a New Emperor

For Japan, a New Military Satellite and, Maybe Later, a New Emperor

No automatic alt text available.BY EMILY TAMKIN-JANUARY 24, 2017

The slow but steady shifting of Japan’s postwar pacifism got another boost Tuesday, when Tokyo launched its first military communications satellite.

The Kirameki-2 satellite is the first of three poised to replace the civilian satellites the Japanese military currently uses. The new satellites, which will allow for high-speed, high-capacity communication, are being put in place with an eye toward responding more effectively and efficiently to natural disasters, but also to help respond to growing security challenges.

While U.S. allies across Asia worry that the United States is pulling back on its commitments, Japanese policy makers are bracing for an increasingly aggressive China in the South China Sea and East China Sea, and a North Korea that some believe has enough plutonium for 10 nuclear bombs. Better comms will give the growing Japanese military better capability. It will also help Japanese peacekeeping missions abroad, now that they’ve been authorized.

The new satellites don’t necessarily constitute re-militarization, as Zack Cooper, a fellow with the Japan Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, told Foreign Policy. Japan is pursuing a policy of constitutionally-mandated, pro-active pacifism, not aggressive militarization, he said. Tokyo is actually reverting to a more “normal state,” he said.

Still, the new satellite is far from the first move Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s Japan has taken in this direction. In December, Japan said it will increase its Coast Guard budget to 210 billion yen ($1.8 billion) to add five new patrol ships and over 200 more personnel. Also in December, Japan added a spending boost for defense for the fifth consecutive year, of about $44 billion.

But that’s dwarfed by other increases in defense spending in Asia, especially by China, Cooper said. (Indeed, on Tuesday, China’s Gaofen-3 SAR satellite, which improves the ability to monitor activities in disputed waters, became operational.) A few new patrol ships and a few more defense dollars, he said, are a way to ensure Japan can continue to maintain the pacifist status quo by keeping that which would threaten its stability at bay.

Indeed, China is circling the Senkaku Islands (known as the Diaoyu in China), disputed rocks in the East China Sea. Beijing claims most of the South China Sea. U.S. President Donald Trump and his Secretary of State Rex Tillerson are talking very tough on China — threatening to defend U.S. interests there with force if necessary — which has some in Tokyo worried that Japan will be pulled into a conflict.

Others are more concerned that the Trump administration may not be particularly interested in working with Japan. As one of his first executive actions, Trump withdrew the United States from the multilateral Trans-Pacific Partnership, a multilateral trade deal brokered mainly between Abe and then-U.S. President Barack Obama.

Japan, too, could be undergoing some political shifts. On Monday, a government panel essentially gave the Japanese parliament the green light to allow Emperor Akihito to abdicate. The 83-year-old would pass power to his son, Crown Prince Naruhito, 56. It would be the first time a Japanese emperor has abdicated the throne in two centuries.

Incidentally, the Quaker-educated Emperor Akihito’s reign — it began in 1989 — has been marked in large part traveling to battlefields and memorials, bearing witness to the ravages of war in Asia. Japan’s muscular pacifism is meant to make sure his son doesn’t have to.

Update, Jan. 24 2017, 4:50 pm ET: This piece has been updated to reflect that the Chinese Gaofen-3 SAR satellite is now operational.

Photo credit: JIJI PRESS/AFP/Getty Images

Brexit: Parliament must approve triggering Art 50 to exit EU — [Full Text of the Judgment]

by our London Correspondent-

( January 24, 2017, London, Sri Lanka Guardian) The Supreme Court, the highest Court in England and Wales has ruled today that Parliament must approve the power to begin official Brexit negotiations with the EU.
The Government of Theresa May had hoped to rely on the prerogative powers of Government to implement the outcome of the Referendum.
The case resolved around the principle of Parliamentary sovereignty. Article 50 cannot be triggered without an Act of Parliament. However, there is no need for separate approval from the legislatures of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The relations with the EU are matter for the UK Government.
The ruling upholds an earlier decision by the High Court in London in December 2016 brought by a few private individuals which was challenged by the Government in appeal to the Supreme Court.
Mrs. May promised to begin the negotiations by end of March 2017.The ruling is now a delay, but not of the result of the Referendum.
Read the full text of the  judgment is below;

China: Trade war with US would harm both countries – state media


The People's Republic of China flag and the U.S. Stars and Stripes fly along Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington. Source: Reuters/Hyungwon Kang/File Photo
25th January 2017
A TRADE war between China and the United States would harm both countries, the overseas edition of the state run People’s Daily said on Wednesday, reflecting concerns over the protectionist, and anti-China stance taken by new U.S. President Donald Trump.
“If a trade war developed between the two countries, both China and the U.S. would be negatively impacted,” the newspaper said in a commentary.
“In the end neither side would win, it would bring harm to other countries and that harm would be brought to others without benefits to the U.S. or China.”
As both China and the U.S. are major players in global supply chains and value chains, numerous countries would be gravely impacted from a trade war, the article added.
“At present, China and the U.S. are bound together by trade, investment, finance and other spheres,” the article quoted Zhang Jianping, head of the Research Center for Regional Cooperation under China‘s Ministry of Commerce, as saying.
“As the two largest economies in the world, maintaining positive trade relations is beneficial both to China and the U.S. and also the global economy.”
Meanwhile, China says it wants dialogue with the new U.S. administration to manage disputes and promote bilateral relations, but only on the basis of respecting each other’s core interests, like the “one China” principle, China‘s foreign minister said.
U.S. President Donald Trump, who was inaugurated on Friday, upset Beijing before taking office by casting doubt on the “one China” principle, under which Washington acknowledges Beijing’s position of sovereignty over self-ruled Taiwan.
China views Taiwan as a wayward province, to be brought under its control by force if necessary. However, proudly democratic Taiwan has shown no interest in being ruled by Beijing.
Speaking at a reception for the upcoming Chinese Lunar New Year, Foreign Minister Wang Yi said the future direction of Sino-U.S. ties had “attracted attention”.
“We are willing, on the basis of strictly abiding by the ‘one China‘ principle and respect of each other’s core interests, to have dialogue with the new U.S. government,” Wang said, in comments posted on the ministry’s website late Tuesday.
China is willing to “increase mutual trust, focus cooperation, manage and control disputes and promote the healthy development of China-U.S. relations, to bring even greater benefits to both peoples”, he added. – Reuters
Stephen Bannon was registered to vote in two states — despite his efforts to take himself off the rolls in Florida

White House chief strategist Stephen K. Bannon at a meeting with business leaders Jan. 24. (Matt McClain/The Washington Post)

 

White House chief strategist Stephen K. Bannon was registered to vote in both New York and Florida for several months, even though he sent a letter trying to get himself removed from the rolls in Florida, according to a person familiar with the situation.

Bannon registered to vote in New York on Oct. 14, 2016, and cast an absentee ballot there, according to New York City elections officials. At the time, he was serving as chief executive of now-President Trump's campaign. But he was also registered in Sarasota County, Fla., where he had been on the voter rolls since Aug. 25, officials said.

White House officials did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
On the day before the Nov. 8 election, Bannon sent a letter to then-Sarasota County Elections Supervisor Kathy Dent, informing her that he had moved to New York and requesting that he be removed from the rolls, according to a person familiar with the letter who shared details about it with The Washington Post.

Since the letter was sent Nov. 7, it is unlikely it would have arrived before Election Day. However, on Wednesday, Sarasota elections officials said they still had no record of receiving it. “None of us recall getting it,” said the current elections supervisor, Ron Turner, who took office in January after previously serving as the agency's chief of staff.

Turner said elections officials are looking into why they did not receive Bannon's letter. In the meantime, after reading news reports noting Bannon's dual registration, Turner said he confirmed with New York officials that Bannon was registered in their jurisdiction and took him off the rolls in Sarasota County as of Wednesday.

The news of Bannon's dual voter registration comes as Trump calls for “a major investigation” into his unsubstantiated claim that millions of illegal votes were cast in November's elections. Administration officials have yet to provide any evidence of such voter fraud.

White House press secretary Sean Spicer claimed that a study by Pew showed a high rate of voting by noncitizens. In fact, a 2012 Pew Center on the States study identified a different problem: that rolls contained millions of inaccurate voter registrations because of people who moved or had died.

On Wednesday, Trump tweeted that the investigation into “VOTER FRAUD” would include “those registered to vote in two states, those who are illegal” and “those registered to vote who are dead (and many for a long time).”

Bannon's situation shows how easily out-of-date registrations can linger on the books. While elections officials are supposed to inform other states when they register a voter who had been previously registered elsewhere, there is no single unified system to reconcile voter registration records. Twenty states and the District of Columbia participate in the Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC),  a nonprofit organization that helps exchange such information, but Florida is not one of them.

Absent that system, Florida officials rely on other state election offices to call and inform them if they receive a registration from a former Florida voter. “For whatever reason, that did not occur in that case,” Turner said.

One likely reason: New York's voter registration form does not provide a place for voters to identify where they have previously been registered, city officials there confirmed.

Turner said Sarasota County works to maintain and update its rolls once a year, using change of address information provided by the U.S. Postal Service. But sometimes it can take a few years for an out-of-date registration to be flagged, he noted.

“We want to have the most accurate rolls possible, so we do what we can with the information available to use as elections officials,” he said. “The voters need to help us out with that. We do the best we have with the information we have.”

However, Turner said that in his six years at the elections office, he has not seen any evidence that voters have sought to take advantage of being registered in two jurisdictions to cast two ballots. “Not to my knowledge,” he said.

Are Americans Racists?

The question remains: How can President Trump or anyone unite a country in which historical understanding is buried in myths, lies, and the teaching of hate?

by Paul Craig Roberts-

( January 23, 2017, Washington DC, Sri Lanka Guardian) “Racist” is the favorite epithet of the left. Every white person (except leftists) is a racist by definition. As we are defined as racists based on our skin color, I am puzzled why we are called racists a second, third, and fourth time due to specific acts, such as favoring the enforcement of immigration laws. For example, President Donald Trump says he is going to enforce the immigration laws. For the left this is proof that Trump has put on the White Sheet and joined the KKK.

The left doesn’t say what a president is who does not enforce the laws on the books. But let’s look at this from the standpoint of the immigration laws themselves. In 1965 a bill passed by the “racist” Congress and signed by the “racist” President Lyndon Johnson completely changed the racial composition of US legal immigration.

In 1960 75% of US legal immigration was European, 5% was Asian, and 19% was from Americas (Mexico, Central and South America and Caribbean Islands).


The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act is a very strange law for racists to have enacted. Would racists pass a law, which has been on the books for 52 years, that fundamentally transformed the racial profile of the US by limiting white immigration, thereby ultimately consigning whites to minority status?
We could say the racists did not know what they were doing, or thought they were doing something else. However, the results have been obvious at least since 1980, and the law is still on the books.

We live during a time when there is an abundance of information, but facts seldom seem to inform opinions. The left delights in branding the Founding Fathers racists. The left was ecstatic when a 1998 DNA study concluded that Thomas Jefferson was one of eight possible ancestors of Eston Hemings, a descent of Jefferson’s slave Sally Hemings. The left seized on the implied sexual relationship as proof of Thomas Jefferson’s racism.

Let’s assume Jefferson had a sexual relationship with Sally Hemings. Does this prove he was a racist, or does it prove the opposite? Why is it a sign of racism for a white to have sex with a black? Does this prove that James Bond was a racist in the film “Die Another Day”? Do we really want to define racially mixed marriages as racist, as a white conquest over a black, Asian, or Hispanic?

The left has declared the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution to be racist documents and, therefore, proof that the US was founded on racism. The left is particularly incensed that the Constitution counts enslaved blacks as three-fifths of a white person. Is the three-fifths clause a sign or racism, or was it a compromise to get an agreement on representation in the House of Representatives?

It was the latter. Indeed southerners, such as James Madison and Edmund Randolph, wanted blacks to be counted one to one with whites. It was northerners, such as Gouverneur Morris of Pennslyvania, who wanted blacks to count as fractions of a person. Why was this?

The issue was whether the North or the South would have majority representation in the House. The country already had different economic interests which came to conflict in the War of Southern Secession, which is mischaracterized as a civil war. (A civil war is when two sides fight for control of the government. The Confederacy was not fighting for control of the government in Washington. The South was fighting to secede from the union in order to avoid economic exploitation.)

The southern states were agricultural, and from early colonial times long before there was a United States or a Confederate States of America the absence of a work force meant that the agricultural labor force was imported as slaves. For the South slavery was an inherited institution, and from the South’s standpoint, if blacks were not included in the population on which US representation in Congress would be based, the South would have a minority voice in Congress and would not agree to the Constitution. The three-fifths clause was a compromise in order to move the Constitution toward agreement. It had nothing to do with racism. It was about achieving balance in regional representation in Congress.

The Southern Secession resulted from divergent economic interests and was not fought over slavery. In former times when the left had real intellects, such as Charles A. Beard, a historian who stressed class conflict and a founder of the New School for Social Research and president of both the American Political Science Association and the American Historical Association, the left understood the divergence of interests between northern industry and southern agriculture. Those who think Lincoln invaded the South in order to free slaves need to read Thomas DiLorenzo’s books on Lincoln. DiLorenzo establishes beyond all doubt that Lincoln invaded the Confederacy in order to preserve the Union, that is, the American Empire, which has continued its growth into the 21st century.

The preponderance of war correspondence on both sides shows that no one was fighting for or against slavery. According to the 1860 US census, slave owners were a small fraction of the Southern population.  The Confederate Army consisted almost entirely of non-slave owners who fought because they were invaded by Union armies.

As for Thomas Jefferson, he was opposed to slavery, but he understood that the agricultural South was trapped in slavery. The “discovery” of the New World provided lands for exploitation but no labor force. The first slaves were white prisoners, but whites could not survive the malaria. Native Indians were tried, but they were not only as susceptible to malaria as whites but also used their native knowledge of the terrain to resist those who would enslave them. Blacks became the work force of choice because of genetic superiority in resistance to malaria. As Charles C. Mann reports in his book, 1493, “About 97 percent of the people in West and Central Africa are Duffy negative, and hence immune to vivax malaria.”

Thus, the real “racist” reason that blacks became the labor force was their survivability rate due to genetic superiority from their immunity to malaria, not white racists determined to oppress blacks for racial reasons.

The myth has taken hold that black slavery originated in white attitudes of racial superiority. In fact, as a large numbers of historians have documented, including Charles C. Mann and the socialist economic historian Karl Polanyi, brother of my Oxford University professor, the physical chemist and philosopher Michael Polanyi, black slavery originated and flourished in Africa where tribes fought one another for slaves. The victorious would market their captives to Arabs and eventally as time passed to Europeans for transport to the new world to fill the vaccum of a missing labor force. (See for example, Karl Polanyi, Dahomey and the Slave Trade.)

It is a mystery how the myth of Thomas Jefferson’s alleged racism and love for slavery survives his drafts of the Declaration of Independence. One of Jefferson’s drafts that was abandoned in compromise over the document includes this in Jefferson’s list of King George’s offenses:

“he has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating it’s most sacred rights of life & liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating & carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. this piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the CHRISTIAN king of Great Britain. determined to keep open a market where MEN should be bought & sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce: and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished die, he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has deprived them, & murdering the people upon whom he also obtruded them; thus paying off former crimes committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of another.”

Jefferson’s attack on King George sounds like the left’s racist attack on Jefferson.

It is amazing how proud some Americans are of their ignorance and how quick they are to hate based on their ignorance. In America the level of public discourse is so far below the gutter level that a person who ventures forth to tell the truth can expect to be met with violent hatred and every epithet in the book. 
Criticize ever so slightly the Israeli government’s theft of Palestine, and the Israel Lobby will immediately brand you an “anti-semite,” that is, a hater of Jews who wants to send them to the gas chamber. If you don’t denounce whites, especially Southern whites, as racists, you are not only a racist but also a member of the KKK who wants to lynch blacks.

Yes, I know. It works also in the other direction. If you don’t hate the left, you are one of them. Because I criticized the George W. Bush regime for its war crimes, conservatives branded me a “pinko-liberal-commie” and ceased to publish my columns.

Hardly anyone, even southerners, understands that racism in the South originated in the horrors that were inflicted on the South during the Reconstruction era that followed the military defeat of the Confederacy. The North inflicted blacks on southerners in ways that harmed prospects for relations between the races and gave rise to the KKK as a resistance movement. As Reconstruction faded, so did the KKK. It was later revived as a shadow of its former self by poor whites who were ambitious for personal power.

The question remains: How can President Trump or anyone unite a country in which historical understanding is buried in myths, lies, and the teaching of hate?

Try to imagine the expressions of hatred and the denunciations that this factual article will bring to me.
If we care about humanity and the creatures on Earth, our task is to find and to speak the truth. That is what I endeavor to do.

When the left abandoned Marxism and the working class, the left died. It has no doctrine to sustain itself, just hatreds based on historical ignorance and misunderstanding of the limits within which life is lived. Humans are not superheros or magicians who can reconstruct humanity by waving a wand or smashing evil. Everyone lives within limitations, and the many submit more than do the few.

It is the few who fight against the limits to whom we owe the defense of our humanity.

It is the haters who are the barriers to moral and social progress.

Dr. Paul Craig Roberts was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy and associate editor of the Wall Street Journal. He was columnist for Business Week, Scripps Howard News Service, and Creators Syndicate. He has had many university appointments. His internet columns have attracted a worldwide following. Roberts’ latest books are The Failure of Laissez Faire Capitalism and Economic Dissolution of the West, How America Was Lost, and The Neoconservative Threat to World Order.

Netflix to feature documentary on HK activist Joshua Wong


Hong Kong democracy protest leader Joshua Wong arrives at the Hong Kong international airport to see off fellow student leaders Alex Chow, Nathan Law and Eason Chung (not pictured) on their scheduled flight to Beijing on November 15, 2014.GETTY IMAGESImage caption-Joshua Wong was the public face of the occupy protests that paralysed parts of Hong Kong
BBC
24 January 2017
Video-streaming giant Netflix has acquired the distribution rights for a documentary about Hong Kong democracy activist Joshua Wong.
The film chronicles his political life focusing on his role in the 2014 protests which made him an icon at 16.
Hong Kong's so-called Umbrella Movement demanded universal suffrage for the semi-autonomous Chinese territory.
Currently, the leader of the city is elected by a 1,200 member committee, seen as pro-Beijing.
In unprecedented scenes, the 2014 protests saw the streets of central Hong Kong filled and blocked by angry crowds demanding a fully democratic selection process.
At the time Joshua Wong, one of the student leaders, was held up as the unofficial "poster boy" of the movement and even made it to the cover of Time Magazine.
The documentary will be available to Netflix's 93 million subscribers worldwide, but not in China where the service is not available.

"Courage, resilience and youthful idealism"

The deal was announced days after the premiere of "Joshua: Teenager vs. Superpower" at the Sundance Film Festival on 20 January.
Directed by Joe Piscatella, the documentary follows Mr Wong, now 20-years-old, from 2012 to 2016.
Pro-democracy student leader Joshua Wong (C) speaks as Agnes Chow and Shu Kei listen during a press conference to introduce their new pro-democracy political party called Demosisto in Hong Kong on April 10, 2016, 2016.GETTY IMAGESImage caption-Joshua Wong went on and founded "Demosisto"
After winning no concessions from the Chinese government, Mr Wong's latest political move has been the establishment of his political party "Demosisto".
In a press release, Netflix describes the documentary as "a remarkable portrait of courage, resilience and youthful idealism".
"In an era where we are witnessing heightened civic participation and freedom of expression, we are pleased to offer a global platform for audiences to engage on these issues," says Netflix VP of Original Documentaries Lisa Nishimura.
Andrew Duncan, one of the documentary's producers, says: "Their global platform will allow us to share Joshua's message about the importance of due process of law and freedom of speech with a worldwide audience."
According to Hollywood Reporter, the rights were sold "in the low-seven-figure range".
he Netflix logo is pictured on a television in this illustration photograph taken in Encinitas, California, U.S., January 18, 2017REUTERSImage caption-Netflix has no plans to start operation in China for now
In a letter to shareholders dated October 17, 2016, Netflix said: "We now plan to license content to existing online service providers in China rather than operate our own service in China in the near term."
"The regulatory environment for foreign digital content services in China has become challenging."
Netflix said it hoped to launch the service in China eventually, but did not say when.

S&P advocates fiscal consolidation ahead of India budget

FILE PHOTO: A cashier displays the new 2000 Indian rupee banknotes inside a bank in Jammu, November 15, 2016. REUTERS/Mukesh Gupta/File photo
FILE PHOTO: A cashier displays the new 2000 Indian rupee banknotes inside a bank in Jammu, November 15, 2016. REUTERS/Mukesh Gupta/File photo

By Rajesh Kumar Singh | NEW DELHI- Wed Jan 25, 2017

Standard & Poor's urged Indian Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on Wednesday to maintain the pace of fiscal consolidation in the annual budget next week and quickly reduce the country's debt stock to bolster the prospects of a ratings upgrade.

The call from S&P's analyst Kyran Curry comes as Jaitley faces pressure ahead of his fourth budget on Feb. 1 to cut taxes and hike spending - even at the cost of an earlier promise to trim the fiscal gap to 3 percent of GDP in 2017/18 from the 3.5 percent budgeted this year.

The ratings agency last November rebuffed New Delhi's pitch for an upgrade, citing weak public finances. 

It affirmed India's rating at "BBB-minus" with a "stable" outlook, putting Asia's No.3 economy at the bottom rung of investment grade.

Curry reiterated those concerns, saying the pace of India's debt accumulation and the debt stock remained "quite high". While India's debt-to-GDP ratio has improved to around 66 percent from 79.5 percent in 2004-05, it remains elevated for an emerging-market economy.

Curry wants it to fall below 60 percent over the next three years to warrant an upgrade. But a slowdown in fiscal consolidation in the upcoming budget would, he said, make that a remote prospect.

"It would more or less defer any further upside to the ratings," Curry told Reuters in a telephone interview. "It would just delay a more positive credit assessment in our outlook."

BUDGET POLITICS

Jaitley is expected to try and ease the economic pain caused by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's decision late last year to scrap old high-value currency bills ahead of voting in five state elections, including the swing state of Uttar Pradesh.

The outcome of the vote will be key to Modi's chances of winning a second term in 2019.

Seeking to shore up support, Modi unveiled incentives to the poor, farmers, women and small businesses in an address to the nation on New Year's Eve. Jaitley is expected to follow those with more budget giveaways.

Curry, however, said India's economic growth remained "very strong" despite the fallout from the banknote ban, and the government would do well to avoid pursuing an expansionary fiscal policy.
"We would say that the government has limited scope to provide fiscal stimulus because its balance sheet is stretched already," he said.

The International Monetary Fund last week trimmed India's growth outlook for the fiscal year beginning in April to 7.2 percent from 7.6 percent previously, citing the blow to the cash-reliant economy. [nL4N1F62HW]

S&P didn't expect the note ban to weigh on economic growth in the medium-term. Yet, the rating agency remained concerned about its "disorderly" implementation, which Curry said raised questions over the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) independence.

"It casts a shadow over the predictability and effectiveness of policy making," Curry said.

(Reporting by Rajesh Kumar Singh; Editing by Amrutha Gayathri and Biju Dwarakanath)
In the deep freeze of winter the streets look like a frosty Narnia in the early morning. But just imagine sleeping out there. There’s been a sharp rise in the number of people sleeping rough. In fact, now twice as many homeless people are on the streets than six years ago.

'Do I regret it? Not for a second': Swedish journalist goes on trial for helping refugees

Fredrik Önnevall is in court this week facing charges of people smuggling after helping 15-year-old Abed travel to Sweden
Refugees sleep outside the Swedish migration agency’s centre for asylum seekers in Malmo in November 2015. Photograph: Reuters

 in Gothenburg-Wednesday 25 January 2017
The suggestion sounded like an innocent joke, but it turned out to be deadly serious.
“Take me with you!” Abed asked Fredrik Önnevall.
It was the moment the journalist suddenly faced a dilemma: should he cease reporting on the refugee crisis for viewers back home and try solving a small part of it himself?
The camera captures the unscripted confusion (from 53 minutes in) that leaves Önnevall barely able to speak. “When you get such a direct question, what are you supposed to do?” he said. “All I can say is: I’ll give it a try.”
And so began a journey that will bring Önnevall, his cameraman and interpreter to court on Thursday to face charges of people smuggling, after they helped Abed, 15, get to Sweden from Greece while they were making a TV documentary, which was broadcast in 2015.
It was a choice faced by thousands of Europeans that year – can I do something directly to help a refugee? The alternative for Abed was to leap on to a speeding lorry leaving Athens. Later, Önnevall told police that if he had not helped the boy, the betrayal would have haunted him.
“It is a little difficult to grasp that we have become symbols of something much bigger than what we ourselves experienced,” Önnevall says.
“But it helps a lot that we don’t feel ashamed or embarrassed. Most viewers understand what we did, they can put themselves in our shoes – even if they disagree with us.”
When first broadcast, Önnevall’s story embodied the wave of sympathy that swept across Sweden as it opened its doors to 167,000 asylum seekers in 2015. Since then the mood has changed sharply.
People attend a ‘Refugees Welcome’ demonstration in Gothenburg in September 2015. The national mood has since hardened. Photograph: Scanpix Sweden / Reuters/Reuters
In Copenhagen, the courts have been accused of “criminalising decency” after citizens received stiff penalties merely for offering lifts to refugees, as the authorities sought to send a strong message on asylum. Hundreds of Swedes have been stopped by police for helping refugees across the bridge from Denmark, but only a handful have been charged with smuggling.
Önnevall’s case is set to clarify in Swedish law whether it is a crime to aid a human being in distress. “My understanding from the prosecutor is that the case is about lack of legal clarity in this situation,” Önnevall says. “I have no sense that I am being made an example of.”
The Danish author Carsten Jensen compares Önnevall’s situation with that of Kevin Carter, the South African photojournalist famous for his 1994 photo of a starving Sudanese toddler stalked by a vulture. Carter said he regretted not helping the girl; he later killed himself.
“Önnevall’s dilemma has become everyone’s dilemma,” Jensen wrote in the Swedish newspaper Sydsvenskan last weekend. “The great challenge that European civilisation is facing is perhaps not the integration of a million people from another culture, but the conquest of self necessary for citizens to do violence to their own principles of humanity.”
Abed has started a new life in Sweden, his family has joined him, and he and Önnevall talk regularly. But in Sweden’s new climate, Abed is one of the lucky ones.
“The situation is so much worse – people are not so friendly anymore,” says Susanna Udvardi of Act for Integration, a refugee support group in Simrishamn, southern Sweden, who featured in Önnevall’s films. “We have lots of sad cases of people being sent back, young Afghans who have realised there is no more hope.”
Udvardi is more bewildered than angry at the attempt to prosecute a man who became the face of Swedish reporting on the refugee crisis. “Why on earth are they doing it? They obviously were not smuggling people, it was not for money, they just wanted to be humanitarian,” she says.
Önnevall himself is clear that his motivation is not to take a stand, he just wants to carry on “telling other people’s stories and finding out why they think as they do”.
Would he do the same again? “It is a difficult question. With Abed I would draw the same conclusion, I knew the price of not helping him. Do I regret it? Not for a second.”

Personality linked to 'differences in brain structure'


brain scan - conceptual image




ZEPHYR/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
BBCBy Smitha Mundasad-25 January 2017
Our personality traits are linked to differences in the thickness and volume of various parts of our brains, an international study has suggested.
Those with thicker and less wrinkled outer layers of the brain tended to have more neurotic tendencies, the study of scans of 500 people found.
Open-minded people were more likely to have thinner outer brain layers, it said.
Experts said the study, while worthy, was difficult to interpret.

'Extraversion and agreeableness'

Published in the journal Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, the study by scientists from the UK, US and Italy looked in detail at the brain scans of 500 young, healthy volunteers.
The volunteers also filled in questionnaires designed to assess five personality traits - neuroticism (how moody a person is), extraversion (how enthusiastic a person is), openness (how open-minded a person is), agreeableness and conscientiousness.
They found the different traits were linked to differences in the thickness of the cortex (the outer layer of the brain), how folded the cortex was and the overall volume of the brain.
Researcher Dr Luca Passamonti from Cambridge University said the research could help them understand more about mental health over time.
He added: "Linking how brain structure is related to basic personality traits is a crucial step to improving our understanding of the link between the brain morphology and particular mood, cognitive or behavioural disorders.
"We also need to have a better understanding of the relation between brain structure and function in healthy people to figure out what is different in people with neuropsychiatric disorders."

'How nerves connect'

The scientists acknowledged more research was needed to firm up their conclusions.
Michael Anderson, an associate professor of psychology at Franklin and Marshall College, said the study was difficult to interpret, although it was "carefully done, using well-controlled methods."
He said: "Most regions of the brain are associated with multiple cognitive and behavioural functions, so it can be difficult to say with any confidence which functions are relevant to these particular associations."
He added: "Brain function is less a matter of the number of nerve cells being used or the amount of brain tissue being used and more about how nerves connect to each other - which is not investigated in this study."