Peace for the World

Peace for the World
First democratic leader of Justice the Godfather of the Sri Lankan Tamil Struggle: Honourable Samuel James Veluppillai Chelvanayakam

Wednesday, January 4, 2017

“Tiggerish and irrepressible”: the UK’s new ambassador to the EU

barrow
 

Gary Gibbon-4 JAN 2017

The new UK Representative to the EU, Sir Tim Barrow, formerly our man in Moscow, is known to some around the Foreign Office as “Deep State.” That, I hear, is recognition of his all-knowing, omnipresence and a whiff of the “covert.” “He suddenly appears beside you when you were looking for him,” one Whitehall source said.

One diplomat said he preferred to describe Sir Tim as “very tiggerish, irrepressible, not things you’d naturally associate with Ivan (Rogers).”

There is clearly relief across Whitehall that they’ve found someone with experience of the EU who commands wide respect amongst ministers who’ve dealt with him. Philip Hammond is said to have greatly respected Sir Tim when Mr Hammond was at the Foreign Office. David Davis was asked for his approval of the new name. It was, as a courtesy, shared with Liam Fox, one source said.

Sir Tim is known as a networker, gregarious and hugely creative. “He comes up with 27 ideas before lunchtime. Some of them, of course, are mad,” one old Foreign Office friend said.

There is relief in some quarters of Whitehall after suggestions in some newspapers that the government might look outside diplomacy for this top job, to business or politics. Instead, they have “one of our own” in the position. Any street parties planned for the death of the establishment may have to be postponed.
But how did we get here?

Friends of Sir Ivan Rogers feel his position became impossible after the leak of his own October email to the PM just ahead of the December European Council meeting. Sir Ivan is said to be 100 per cent convinced that the leak came from Theresa May’s most senior aides, her joint chiefs of staff, Fiona Hill and Nick Timothy. They, the argument runs, had lost trust in him and wanted a fresh face. No. 10 says that’s a baffling theory with no clear motive.

What does Ivan Rogers’ departure tell us about the difficulties facing Sir Tim Barrow?

He speaks in his email to UKRep staff in Brussels of the UK being seriously out-gunned by the size of the forces and expertise marshalled on the EU side. There is some fear amongst diplomats that UKRep could lose some important officials thinking that they’re expertise isn’t being valued and their operation could be marginalised in the Brexit talks. Sir Ivan in his letter sounds like a man keen to make sure his exit doesn’t trigger an exodus.

Sir Ivan hints at difficulties getting certain points across to government figures. He takes a swipe at those who think when you leave the EU you can slip magically into a free trade agreement. Sir Ivan is said to believe that the only free trade environment that is not underpinned by agreement is smuggling. He is believed to think that some ministers consistently under-estimate how long it will take to construct a comprehensive new relationship even if both sides roughly agree on the destination. That, I understand, is an argument that Sir Ivan may have had repeatedly in private with the Secretary of State for Exiting the EU, David Davis.

Sir Ivan Rogers had told friends before the referendum that he was happy to help with the Brexit negotiations if the country voted that way and he was wanted; more recently he’s told friends that he was keen to carry on to the end of the negotiations. But enemies in Whitehall wished it otherwise. They ambushed him with their leak of his email in December and he retaliated with an ambush of his own and a fresh email this week. Now his critics will hope they’ve killed off the first 2017 twist in the Brexit saga with a speedy and popular appointment.

Philippines: More than 150 inmates escape in armed prison raid


Over 150 inmates escape from South Philippines jail following armed raid. Source: AP
4th January 2017
At least one jail officer was killed in the early hours of Wednesday when an armed group stormed the North Cotabato District Jail in Kidapawan City, Philippines.
According to PhilStar, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology’s (BJMP) has stated that an estimated 158 detainees fled the jail during the early raid that took place at 1.15am and lasted over two hours.
The attack began with a power outage that was followed by heavy gunfire originating from the rear of the complex and targeted specific buildings, prison warden Peter Bungat explained.
Gunmen targeted two cells in which high-profile inmates were being housed, then went on to release inmates from a number of other surrounding cells.
According to police reports, Jail Officer 1 Excell Vicedo was wounded on his right chest and was brought to the provincial jail but died a few hours later.
At least one inmate was injured during the exchange and was immediately rushed to hospital.
It appears that this was an orchestrated attack by an organised group.
“It was not a jailbreak. It was a planned rescue of certain detainees,” Bungat was quoted saying in the report. “It’s well planned. Escapees used blanket as their getaway.”
Initial reports suggest that the Muslim rebel group Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF), a splinter group of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), is responsible for the attack.
Shirlyn Macasarte, acting governor of North Cotabato, said her office had been tipped off about the plan by BIFF to free its members as early as the second quarter of last year.
The leader of the attackers, known by the alias Commander Derbie, had links with the BIFF, Macasarte said.
MILF is the biggest Muslim rebel group in the country. Despite signing a peace deal with the government in 2014, intended to deactivate the group, clashes with smaller breakaway groups have continued.
Eight prisoners have since been caught, two have surrendered, while six were killed, according to the office of the president.
The manuhunt operation carried out by the BJMP Special Tactics and Response team, the Special Action Force, and the military is continuing within the vicinity of the jail and surrounding areas.
This is the third such attack on the facility in just a decade.
Additional reporting by Reuters

Nearly 200 children freed from Telangana brick kiln in one of biggest rescues

A boy transports clay using a hand cart in a brick field on the outskirts of Kolkata December 4, 2009. REUTERS/Parth Sanyal/File Photo
A boy transports clay using a hand cart in a brick field on the outskirts of Kolkata December 4, 2009. REUTERS/Parth Sanyal/File Photo

By Anuradha Nagaraj- Wed Jan 4, 2017 

CHENNAI (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Police rescued nearly 200 children, most of them under the age of 14, who had been found working in a brick kiln in Telangana in one of the biggest operations in the region, officials said on Wednesday.

The children were rescued from a brick kiln in Yadadiri district, 40 kilometres (25 miles) from state capital Hyderabad, as part of "Operation Smile", a national campaign to tackle child labour and missing children.

The rescued children had moved from Odisha and were living and working with adults presumed to be their parents in the brick kiln, police said.

"We are not sure if the parents are genuine and there is a possibility that some of the children were trafficked," Mahesh Bhagwat, a police commissioner, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

"The rescue teams spotted girls as young as seven and eight carrying bricks on their head. Some of the children were as young as four."

In 2015, the International Labour Organization (ILO) put the number of Indian child workers aged between five and 17 at 5.7 million, out of 168 million globally.

More than half work in agriculture and over a quarter work in the manufacturing sector, the ILO said.

P. Achyuta Rao, member of a local state body that has the task of protecting child rights, said Telangana and neighbouring Andhra Pradesh had become hubs for child trafficking and child labour.

"Last year more than 3,000 children were rescued, many from brick kilns and others from domestic servitude. In all cases, the children were from eastern India," said Rao of the Telangana State Commission.

Many migrant children end up working alongside their parents because of a lack of schools and teachers who can provide lessons in their local language, campaigners say.
Local officials said they would investigate why the rescued children had not been enrolled in a nearby primary school.

(Reporting by Anuradha Nagaraj, Editing by Katie Nguyen. Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, women's rights, trafficking and climate change. Visit www.trust.org)

French baby death linked to vitamin dose


File pic of Uvesterol DAF-PImage captionUvesterol D has been on sale in France since 1990
BBC4 January 2017
France has acted to suspend the sale of a vitamin D supplement after the death of a newborn baby who suffocated hours after being given it.
The 10-day-old baby had been given a dose of Uvesterol D, widely given to French children under the age of five to prevent vitamin D deficiency.
France's medical safety agency said there was a "probable link" to that particular supplement.
But officials said there were many other products that could be used.
Health Minister Marisol Touraine said children were not in danger by taking vitamin D supplements in general as "it's the specific way the product is administered that poses risks". She promised parents "transparent, objective and reliable information."
In a statement (in French), the national medical safety agency (ANSM) said "only Uvesterol D administered with a pipette is involved". The product is not sold in the UK.
The baby died at home on 21 December, apparently after being given a dose of the substance orally through a plastic pipette. It showed immediate signs of suffocation before dying two hours later of cardio-respiratory arrest.
File pic of Marisol TouraineHealth Minister Marisol Touraine assured parents there was no risk from giving their children vitamin D supplements
News of the baby's death was not disclosed by France's health authorities immediately but emerged in French media on Monday.
ANSM said that in 2006 it had imposed measures to reduce risks from taking Uvesterol D after adverse effects became known. However, until December there had been no deaths since it went on the market in 1990, it added.
French daily Le Monde has revealed that Uvesterol D has for years been at the centre of fears over how it has been ingested, with several cases documented of serious illness. The paper cited the oily nature of the substance as being different from other types of liquid vitamin D.
The supplement's producer Crinex changed the pipette in 2006 to prevent the liquid being administered too quickly.
Then, in 2013, the medical safety agency urged parents to give the supplement drip-by-drip before feeding and ensure the baby was in a semi-sitting position. It also reduced the recommended dosage.
In 2014, health journal Prescire called for an end to the use of Uvesterol vitamin supplements for newborn babies, complaining of half-measures and procrastination from both the company and the medical safety agency.

Tuesday, January 3, 2017

International concern over Raviraj case ruling

International concern over Raviraj case ruling

Jan 03, 2017

International human rights organizations are worried by the court ruling in the MP Nadaraja Raviraj murder case that was declared at midnight on December 24. The case was heard for 22 days before a special jury. The three Navy accused and the two other accused were all acquitted in unanimous decision by the jury.

Another accused, Palanisamy Suresh was abducted by a group in a white van, it was revealed at the hearing. Although matters stand thus, the actions by the law enforcement authorities and the judiciary came under scrutiny by HR organizations. Although there were eyewitness accounts during police investigations to point to Raviraj’s murder, lawyers for the accused wanted a jury for the hearing. And, all of them were cleared and acquitted based on evidence received towards the end. Civil society activists say this ruling has earned the displeasure of international HR groups.
 
These groups say that following this verdict, any local investigation cannot be trusted, including those into the killings of MP Joseph Pararajasingham, Prageeth Ekneligoda, Dharmaratnam Sivaram and ruggerite Wasim Thajudeen.
 
Lawyer, MP M.A. Sumanthiran has told BBC that they would appeal the verdict. He stressed the ruling made it clear the local judiciary cannot be trusted. Raviraj and police constable Lokuwella Morage Lakshman were murdered at Narahenpita on 09 November 2009.

இலங்கை: இந்து ஆலயங்கள் மீது மீண்டும் தாக்குதல்

BBC
3 ஜனவரி 2017
இலங்கை கிழக்கு மாகாணத்தில் அடையாளந் தெரியாத ஆட்களினால் இந்து ஆலயமொன்றின் விக்கிரகம் தூக்கி வீசப்பட்டு, மற்றுமோர் ஆலயத்தின் கோபுர கலசமும் சேதமாக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.
பத்தினி அம்மன் ஆலய கோபுரம்தூக்கி வீசப்பட்ட பிள்ளையார் சிலைMr. Maithripala Sirisena, President of Sri Lanka, Mrs. Jayanthi Sirisena offered prayers to Lord Venkateswara at Tirumala in Andhra Pradesh on 18-02-2015.

பௌத்த விகாரைகளின் அபிவிருத்திக்கு 107 மில்லியன் ரூபா நிதியுதவி.!

திருகோணமலை மாவட்டம் நிலாவெளிப் பகுதியிலுள்ள கூழாவடி பிள்ளையார் ஆலயம் மற்றும் பத்தினி அம்மன் ஆலயம் ஆகியவற்றின் மீது தாக்குதல்கள் நடைபெற்றுள்ளது.
கூழாவடி பிள்ளையார் ஆலயத்தில் மூலஸ்தானத்திலிருந்த பிள்ளையார் அகற்றிய இந்நபர்கள் அதனை அருகாமையிலுள்ள காணியொன்றுக்குள் வீசி விட்டு சென்றுள்ளதாக கூறப்படுகிறது.
தூக்கி வீசப்பட்ட பிள்ளையார் சிலை
Image captionதூக்கி வீசப்பட்ட பிள்ளையார் சிலை
இன்று (செவ்வாய்கிழமை) அதிகாலை வழமை போல் ஆலய பணிக்கும் வழிபாட்டுக்கும் சென்றிருந்த பெண்ணொருவர், இது தொடர்பாக நிர்வாகத்தினருக்கு தெரியப்படுத்தியுள்ளார்.
மற்றுமோர் சம்பவத்தில் பத்தினி அம்மன் ஆலயம் மீதான தாக்குதலின் போது ஆலயத்தின் கோபுர கலசம் சேதமாக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.
இந்த சம்பவங்களை பொறுத்தவரை தமது பகுதியில் இனங்களிடையே பதற்றத்தை ஏற்படுத்தும் பின்னணியில் நடைபெற்றிருக்கலாம் என உள்ளுர் மக்கள் கருதுகின்றனர்.
இந்த சம்பவங்கள் தொடர்பாக ஆலய நிர்வாகங்களினால் காவல்துறையில் புகார்கள் பதிவு செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளன.
கடந்த டிசம்பர் மாதம் 18-ஆம் தேதியன்று. மட்டக்களப்பு மாவட்டத்தில் நடைபெற்ற இது போன்ற சம்பவமொன்றின் போது வாகனேரி ஶ்ரீ சத்தி வினாயகர் ஆலயமும் தாக்கப்பட்டு பிள்ளையார் சிலை தகர்க்கப்பட்டு உடைக்கப்பட்டும் உடமைகள் சேதமாக்கப்பட்டது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது

பௌத்த விகாரைகளின் அபிவிருத்திக்கு 107 மில்லியன் ரூபா நிதியுதவி.!


சிறந்ததோர் சமூகத்தைக் கட்டியெழுப்புவதற்கு சட்டத்தினால் மட்டும் முடியாது எனத் தெரிவித்துள்ள ஜனாதிபதி, அதற்கு பௌத்த தத்துவம் பெரும் பலமாக உள்ளது எனத் தெரிவித்தார். 
பத்தினி அம்மன் ஆலய கோபுரம்

இலங்கை: இந்து ஆலயங்கள் மீது மீண்டும் தாக்குதல்

2017-01-03
பின்தங்கிய பிரதேசங்களில் உள்ள பௌத்த விகாரைகளின் அபிவிருத்திக்கு நன்கொடை வழங்கும் நிகழ்வு நேற்று பிற்பகல் ஜனாதிபதி மாளிகையில் இடம்பெற்றது. இந்த நிகழ்வில் உரையாற்றும்போதே ஜனாதிபதி இதனைத் தெரிவித்தார். குறைந்த வசதிகளையுடைய விகாரைகளின் அபிவிருத்திக்கு பௌத்த மறுமலர்ச்சி நிதியத்தின் கீழ் 107 மில்லியன் ரூபா பகிர்ந்தளிக்கப்பட்டது. 
பௌத்த சாசனத்தின் மேம்பாட்டுக்காக அனைத்து கடமைகளையும் நிறைவேற்றுவதற்கு தற்போதைய அரசாங்கம் அர்ப்பணிப்புடன் உள்ளதாகக் குறிப்பிட்ட ஜனாதிபதி இலங்கை தாய்நாட்டை ஒரு சிறந்த நாடாகக் கட்டியெழுப்புவதற்கு மகாசங்கத்தினர் வழங்கும் தலைமைத்துவத்தை நன்றியுடன் நினைவுகூர்ந்தார். 
3 தசாப்தகால யுத்தத்தின் காரணமாக அழிவடைந்துள்ள வடக்கு, கிழக்கு பிரதேசங்களில் உள்ள பௌத்த விகாரைகளின் அடிப்படைத் தேவைகளை நிறைவேற்றுவதற்கு முப்படையினரின் பங்களிப்புடன் ஒரு விசேட நிகழ்ச்சித்திட்டம் நடைமுறைப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளதாகத் தெரிவித்த ஜனாதிபதி, பௌத்த விகாரைகள் உள்ளிட்ட தொல்பொருள் முக்கியத்துவமிக்க இடங்களைப் பாதுகாப்பதற்கு சிவில் பாதுகாப்பு படையினரின் பங்களிப்புடன் ஒரு விசேட நிகழ்ச்சித்திட்டத்தை இவ்வருடம் முதல் ஆரம்பிப்பதற்கு ஆலோசனை வழங்கியுள்ளதாகவும் ஜனாதிபதி தெரிவித்தார். 

International Involvement Paramount for Delivery of Justice and Creating Lasting Peace in Sri Lanka

10 international Tamil organisations appeal

LEN logo(Lanka-e-News -04.Jan.2017, 2.00AM) On this New Year’s Day 2017, the undersigned Tamil diaspora organizations appeal to the International Community, particularly the western and regional powers with influence and involvement in Sri Lanka, to ensure justice and lasting peace in Sri Lanka following up on the consensus UN Human Rights Council Resolution 30/1.
 
The genocidal war against the Tamils was brought to a violent end in May 2009. Successive UNHRC resolutions, the Secretary General’s Panel of Experts report, and the OISL investigation culminated in the adoption of the consensus Resolution on October 1, 2015.
 
This Resolution called for the establishment of a credible accountability mechanism with strong international participation to investigate the war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during and after the war that ended in 2009. The Resolution also called for demilitarisation of the North-East, a truth commission, action on tracing the missing persons, reparations to the victims and a political solution to the ethnic conflict that guarantees non-recurrence.
 
We would like to bring to the attention of the international community that in the 15 months since the resolution, even basic pledges have been broken by the government -  the commitment to release all political prisoners, return of occupied land that belongs to the Tamil people and repeal of the draconian Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA) are all promises which have not been fulfilled.  Meanwhile, the present Sri Lankan regime continues to act like the international component of any accountability mechanism is a negative aspect which needs to be avoided and overcome. Senior leaders have made pronouncements reneging on international commitments.

 Alienation of Tamils in their homeland, without any marked changes in their living conditions will lead to further political turmoil and conflict. Only an urgent, decisive and concerted action by the international community can secure a solution to prevent the unresolved national conflict manifesting into yet another conflagration in Sri Lanka.

We the undersigned organisations call upon the international and regional governments to get involved in the new constitutional process, thereby ensuring that the transitional justice mechanisms promised through the HRC 30 Resolution are fully implemented and the new constitution delivers a just and sustainable political solution to the ethnic conflict.
 
British Tamil Conservatives
British Tamils Forum [BTF]
PEARL
Solidarity Group for Peace and Justice in Sri Lanka
Swedish Tamils Forum
Tamils for Labour
Tamil Friends of Liberal Democrats
Tamil Information Centre
Together Against Genocide [TAG]
USTPAC
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by     (2017-01-03 23:06:24)

North-East Police Solicit Bribes From Perpetrators And Act With Prejudice Against Abused Women – Report


Colombo TelegraphJanuary 3, 2017
Law enforcement establishment in Sri Lanka have openly acted with prejudice against sexually abused women in the North and East, by even going to the extent of telling a victim to marry the man who raped her, while the continuing culture of impunity has intensified sexual abuse against women and children in the North and East provinces.
Sagala Ratnayaka - Minister of Law & Order
Sagala Ratnayaka – Minister of Law & Order
The 22 page report titled ‘Women’s Access to Justice in the North and East of Sri Lanka’ by the Women’s Action Network (WAN) said police officers often do not take complaints by women seriously. “In one case, a woman made a domestic violence complaint to the police, and the police called her husband, who told the police she had danced at her sister’s engagement party. The police had then told the woman that dancing and her henna on her hands were “against the culture” and that she shouldn’t be doing such things,” the report said.
In another case, women activists in Vavuniya reported that one police officer had made a comment that if a girl is raped, she should ‘just’ marry her rapist.
According to the report, sometimes police even ask for bribes from the husbands, or otherwise the police pressure the woman to withdraw the case. In Mullaitivu, women’s organizations reported that police could be manipulated with money or other favors. They might allow the husband to slip away after receiving money and even release the culprit on bail but would neglect to inform the woman who filed the case. “In Kilinochchi, women’s organizations reported that favoritism is everywhere. If someone has influence or a connection to the police, the process will go smoothly. If not, a woman will have to wait in line to file her case,” the report said.
The report noted that delays and lack of gender sensitivity in the justice system, combined with inactivity and corruption in law enforcement, have further entrenched the culture of impunity in the country. “The safety and security of women, particularly Tamil women, has been threatened due to the virtual immunity enjoyed by men, particularly from the armed forced, who are celebrated as war heroes and victors. Perpetrators of sexual violence in the armed forces have been allowed to hold on to their powerful positions irrespective of being accused of committing grave forms of sexual violence or ordering such violations,” the report said.
In one incident which occurred in Batticaloa in 2009, a 24-year old woman was raped and murdered. Her mother is still going to court seeking justice for her murdered daughter.
In Batticaloa District, there were 163 domestic violence cases reported in 2014 and 164 in 2015. In Ampara District, there were 363 domestic violence cases in 2014 and 334 in 2015. From 2014-2015, there were 20 reported rapes in Batticaloa, 54 reported rapes in Ampara, 44 cases of child abuse in Batticaloa and 95 child abuse cases in Ampara. In many instances many women refrain from talking about domestic violence because of the cultural stigmas around it and the value placed on marriage.
The report highlighted that intimate partner violence remains a widespread problem in the North and East, and many women’s organizations report that this form of violence is increasing. In Kilinochchi, women said they have never seen domestic violence before like they see it now and that new cases surface on a daily basis.
The report urged authorities to ensure timely justice for sexual violence against women and children. “Investigate, prosecute, and punish those who are accused of rape and sexual abuse, especially those in positions of power, and end impunity in regards to violence against women,” the report said.
WAN also said that all cases must be promptly investigated and prosecuted. “Declare violence against women and girls, particularly sexual violence, a national crisis,” the report said.
The report also called for the immediate appointment of a special team to handle cases that are pending in the Attorney General’s Department to come for trial.
The head of a women’s organization in Batticaloa said that long delays in the justice process contributed to the increasing violence: it takes a minimum of six years, usually around ten years, for a criminal case involving adults to come to trial; a case involving children takes less time, approximately six to seven years. In Vavuniya, activists said that one woman had been trying to get justice for 16 years.
Another issue facing abused women in the provinces was the lack of Tamil speaking police officers. “In locations where there are no Tamil-speaking female officers, Tamil women who report domestic violence have to tell their stories to male officers or translators. Translations themselves most often imbued with patriarchal attitudes and are biased in favor of the perpetrators,” the report said.
The report also highlighted instances where the police emergency number 119 was almost ‘useless.’ In many cases, the emergency number was reported to be very unreliable as once a complaint is lodged, police might visit the scene of the incident or will not.

Three scenarios for Sri Lanka’s future: Lecture by Razeen Sally


ADVOCATA on 01/03/2017

An expected economic take-off has not happened two years into the change of government says Prof. Razeen Sally, chairman of the Institute of Policy studies in Sri Lanka.

Delivering a public lecture last week at the Advocata Institute, Prof. Sally says that the window for serious economic reforms is narrowing, and Sri Lanka is on the verge of missing another ‘bus’ towards the road to economic prosperity. “Sri Lanka never misses an opportunity to miss an opportunity” lamented the Sri Lankan-born economist, who has been an outspoken critic of some government policies in recent months, particularly price controls and ad-hoc policy changes.

The present government initially did much worse than the previous government in the area of economic policy warned, Prof. Sally, saying only the recent IMF conditions managed to bring in at least some fiscal discipline. Monetary policy has also been similarly mismanaged and politicized throughout the last decade culminating in the scandal in the bond market which finally led to the appointment of an independent governor.

“The Sri Lankan economy has a competitiveness problem. It has a productivity problem. The way to raise productivity and raise competitiveness is to have a stronger private sector and to be open for much more globalisation in Sri Lanka. That’s more trade and investment,” explains Sally.

To implement those policies change is needed. First set of policies that need changing are the ease of doing business reforms that has been promised. More things online. Easier and faster approvals and not going through multiple agencies, etc. Secondly, in trade Sri Lanka has a “shockingly low trade-to GDP ratio” according to Professor Sally. The trickle of foreign investment that the country receives are not towards exports but domestic projects warns the economist, who says the export basket of the country hasn’t changed much over the last many years. To change that Sri Lanka needs trade and investment liberalization. These are the easier reforms that are needed. Yet a politically more difficult set of reforms in the domains of reforming state enterprises, land reform, labour markets, etc. is needed to increase the overall competitiveness of the economy.

“It is really striking what little competition there is in the Sri Lankan economy, wherever one looks. Most markets are tied up by little monopolies and oligopolies and the commanding heights are occupied by the Dhammika Pereras and Harry Jayawardene’s of this world with their political connections. Who are sitting on very comfortable rents. And of course the last thing they want is competition. There is collusion between these commanding heights and the political class”. This collusion besides being bad for competitiveness and production in the economy, “screws the consumer” according to Prof. Sally. What’s needed is a fairly simple reform agenda, one that has unfortunately not been forthcoming in the last two years.

A final worry for Prof. Sally, who spends most of his time teaching at the National University of Singapore, is the recent slide towards overdependence on Chinese State-owned companies for investment. Investments from China, which should be welcomed, need to be balanced out by other private sector investment from the West and India, to stop Sri Lanka from being unduly dependent on China. “Chinese state-owned companies practice a different kind of capitalism” warns Prof Sally. “We should know what kind of rules this kind of Capitalism plays by, and there’s evidence of how this operates in East Asia. It is by buying up political and business elites. Do we really want to see that happen in Sri Lanka?”

If the reform opportunity is squandered yet again, then Sri Lanka may continue its current economic drift. If this scenario continues, outside the narrow elite, ordinary Sri Lankans will be deprived of opportunity. And that cannot continue on forever according to the economist. If Sri Lanka does not achieve 6-8% economic growth, instead of the current 4-5% real incomes outside this narrow elite would not go up. “If the economic pie is static. It means more political conflicts. More distributional conflicts. 
That’s a lesson of history. If people’s aspirations are not met they will fight over the slices of the pie and in Sri Lanka this will mean ethnic, racial and religious fights”.

Failure to deliver growth and pave way for a take-off scenario would mean Sri Lanka will likely relapse back into authoritarian politics according to Prof. Sally. In this scenario, a charismatic strong-man comes along, wins a presidential election and comes in to clean the house. It means a slide back to illiberal democracy.

Sri Lanka is currently in a drift scenario, a long way off from a take-off scenario but dangerously close to a relapse scenario according to Razeen Sally.


The Q&A and other Advocata Lectures can be viewed on their YouTube channel.

Visit Advocata.org for more updates on their continuing public lectures and commentary.
Super-minister in the South; toddy ban in the North: Wonder how devolution will work?

2017-01-03
e are entering the New Year with many self-contradictions. In politics, at least one stands out. Consider this for instance: The government has mooted a plan for a super-minister who would lord over all others and provincial councils in affairs related to economic planning and foreign investment. The relevant bill which needed the approval of the nine provincial councils was voted down by nearly all of them during the past two weeks. In the meantime, the government is promising a new constitution this year, which would presumably offer the maximum possible devolution of powers to the provincial councils to address the minority demands for self-determination. This is not to say either premise is bad, but they are self-contradictory. They are driven by two wholly different thinking; the former is intended to address real practical economic concerns and prop up economic development; the latter is to assuage emotive, mainly Tamil concerns on an equally emotive concept of Tamil nationhood. As history has shown with devastating consequences, when these primordial demands are not fulfilled, it makes neither economic development, nor peaceful cohabitation feasible -- even when those demands are granted, there is no guarantee they would serve either objective.  

However, the problem is not confined to the North alone. Take for instance the provincial councils in the rest of the country, of which the only practical purpose is to be a nursery for future national-level politicians, and even that is achieved by infusing the worst form of sycophancy into their grooming process. Even in the South, provincial councils can function even nominally only when the ruling party in the Central Government is also the ruling party of the provincial council. That is not to say there is a major consensus between the two on how the lives of the local electorate be bettered. That is not necessary because provincial councils provide none of that. But, when there is uniformity among those who rule the Centre and the provinces, at least the damage to the national policy can be avoided. Otherwise, provincial councils have the ability to obstruct the practical implementation of most national plans. (That explains the reluctance by successive governments to grant land powers to the provincial councils.)  

Thus, when the UPFA was ruling both the government and provincial councils (sans the North), all of them meekly approved the controversial Divineguma Bill; Now the UNP is in power, the UPFA-ruled provincial councils rejected with a vengeance the bill for a Super-ministry, aka Development (Special Provisions) Bill. Though the government concedes that the Bill needs to be amended, it was not exactly the reason for its defeat. The simple logic is that the UPFA provincial councillors assume they are obliged to oppose any bill proposed by the UNP; there is no coherent logic other than divisive political approaches.   

One good thing in Southern politics is this dichotomy between the Central Government and the provincial councils are short-lived for provincial council elections which generally follow the general elections tend to reflect the same political disposition as the one in the Central government. However, this time it is different due to ex-president Rajapaksa’s tampering with the elections process that would mean the provincial councils, unless dissolved prematurely or their members be bought over through the usual tactics, would remain a thorn in the side of the government.   
The North is also different; if anything it is showing an ever stronger penchant to pique on the government and provoke the Southern electorate. The means deployed to reach that end so far are though silly are also divisive. It passed a resolution calling for a genocide probe, then a ban on construction of places of religious worship, ostensibly aimed at Buddhist statues, and now has passed a ban on bottled toddy from the South. When the space is opened for political participation, Northern Tamil politics has shown signs of return to divisive ethnic politics dating back to G.G. Ponnambalam. Each of those provocations in the past was reacted by the South with disproportionate force, leading to an escalation, finally ending at Nandikadal. Even in politics, a socialization effect should lead the politicians to act with a degree of uniformity and not to upset the apple cart of democratic process. That may explain why the JVP which waged two ruthless insurrections did not resort to a third after they joined parliamentary politics. However, those ethos in the North are different from the South, which is why Mr. Sampanthan or Mr. Sumanthiran speak in a voice different than Northern Chief Minister C.V. Wigneswaran. Similarly the metamorphosis of Mr. Wigneswaran within a matter of years from a respected Supreme Court Judge to a darling of the Eelam lobby suggests the socialization process in the northern politics is not the same as in the South.   

"Devolution has...the feel good effect for good governance. However, for a country at a low or middle level of economic development, trade-offs would also be critical. "


The centralized State is the best form of state structure to facilitate and expedite economic development. There is plenty of empirical data, ranging from the East Asian and South East Asian newly industrial states, to small states such as Botswana to Pinochet’s Chile on the function between the centralized state and the state power and, by extension, its ability to achieve its economic goals. Even in China where the development is driven by provinces, though federal in the paper is controlled by an overwhelmingly hierarchical structure with a seven-member Communist Party Politburo Standing-Committee at its apex. The Party hierarchy decides who is appointed to govern the provinces and places an elaborate scheme of rewards and sanctions based on the performances of provincial officials.   

India is now flaunted as a success of a quasi form of devolution. The limit of devolution in India was so important to its independent leaders that Nehru and others resigned to the fact of partition of India, preferring to a stronger central government, ruling out the demands by the Muslim League for a weaker centre with stronger provincial governments. Nehru himself argued that a stronger centre was mandatory for national development. However, even with the limits of devolution, India’s provinces for too long proved to be a case of abysmal economic growth. Now some provinces in India, including our neighbour Tamil Nadu are gearing for the economic take off in the country, however it took four decades of lost opportunities and a long process of socialization for India’s provinces to effectively take part in the development process. Still, most of them grow from a lower base, much lower than the per capita income of Vietnam, which also opened up its economy in the early 90s. It took India nearly seven decades to have a unified Goods and Services Tax for the whole country.  The relevant act was passed only last year but not yet operational.  

Devolution has an emotional appeal to minorities and the feel good effect for good governance. However, for a country at a low or middle level of economic development, trade-offs would also be critical. None of the pundits who conduct seminar after seminar on devolution tell how a future government would manage those contradictions. It is more likely than not, under an enhanced devolution of land power, a UNP government in the Centre would not secure land from a UPFA-controlled provincial council (or vice versa) to lease out to the Chinese-managed Export Zone in Hambantota. Politics in this country is divisive and it would not end with devolution of powers. People can hope for saner counsel to prevail and both entities of the state to act with the best intentions for the economic and social well-being of the country. 

Social well-being itself is a lofty idea and is subject to interpretation; in a country as argumentative as ours we can debate till the cows come home and go home without reaching a conclusion what is actually good for the country. If that indecisiveness is empowered through a Constitution it would augur long term disaster. Constitution makers should think not just about the best of humanity, but also about worst case scenarios. If the worst happens, one day, they should make sure that the Centre prevails against all odds, because, failing that would be anarchy.