Peace for the World

Peace for the World
First democratic leader of Justice the Godfather of the Sri Lankan Tamil Struggle: Honourable Samuel James Veluppillai Chelvanayakam

Friday, December 16, 2016

John Podesta: Something is deeply broken at the FBI

John Podesta speaks in Washington. (Manuel Balce Ceneta/Associated Press)
 
John Podesta was chairman of Hillary Clinton’s presidential campaign.
The more we learn about the Russian plot to sabotage Hillary Clinton’s campaign and elect Donald Trump, and the failure of the FBI to adequately respond, the more shocking it gets. The former acting director of the CIA has called the Russian cyberattack “the political equivalent of 9/11.” Just as after the real 9/11, we need a robust, independent investigation into what went wrong inside the government and how to better protect our country in the future.
As the former chair of the Clinton campaign and a direct target of Russian hacking, I understand just how serious this is. So I was surprised to read in the New York Times that when the FBI discovered the Russian attack in September 2015, it failed to send even a single agent to warn senior Democratic National Committee officials. Instead, messages were left with the DNC IT “help desk.” As a former head of the FBI cyber division told the Times, this is a baffling decision: “We are not talking about an office that is in the middle of the woods of Montana.”
President-elect Donald Trump as well as Republican and Democratic lawmakers on Dec. 11 reacted to the CIA’s assessment that Russia intervened to help Trump win the election.(Bastien Inzaurralde/The Washington Post)

What takes this from baffling to downright infuriating is that at nearly the exact same time that no one at the FBI could be bothered to drive 10 minutes to raise the alarm at DNC headquarters, two agents accompanied by attorneys from the Justice Department were in Denver visiting a tech firm that had helped maintain Clinton’s email server.
This trip was part of what FBI Director James B. Comey described as a “painstaking” investigation of Clinton’s emails, “requiring thousands of hours of effort” from dozens of agents who conducted at least 80 interviews and reviewed thousands of pages of documents. Of course, as Comey himself concluded, in the end, there was no case; it was not even a close call.
Comparing the FBI’s massive response to the overblown email scandal with the seemingly lackadaisical response to the very real Russian plot to subvert a national election shows that something is deeply broken at the FBI.
Comey justified his handling of the email case by citing “intense public interest.” He felt so strongly that he broke long-established precedent and disregarded strong guidance from the Justice Department with his infamous letter just 11 days before the election. Yet he refused to join the rest of the intelligence community in a statement about the Russian cyberattack because he reportedly didn’t want to appear “political.” And both before and after the election, the FBI has refused to say whether it is investigating Trump’s ties to Russia.
There are now reports that Vladimir Putin personally directed the covert campaign to elect Trump. So are teams of FBI agents busy looking into the reported meeting in Moscow this summer between Carter Page, a Trump foreign policy adviser, and the Putin aide in charge of Russian intelligence on the U.S. election? What about evidence that Roger Stone was in contact with WikiLeaks and knew in advance that my hacked emails were about to be leaked? Are thousands of FBI person-hours being devoted to uncovering Trump’s tangled web of debts and business deals with foreign entities in Russia and elsewhere?
Meanwhile, House Republicans who had an insatiable appetite for investigating Clinton have been resistant to probing deeply into Russia’s efforts to swing the election to Trump. The media, by gleefully publishing the gossipy fruits of Russian hacks, became what the Times itself calls “a de facto instrument of Russian intelligence.”
But the FBI’s role is particularly troubling because of its power and responsibility — and because this is part of a trend. The Justice Department’s Inspector General issued a damning report this summer about the FBI’s failure to prioritize cyberthreats more broadly.

The president-elect has gone to Michigan, Iowa, North Carolina and Ohio, and saluted workers at an Indiana plant where he says he saved more than 1,000 jobs.
The election is over and the damage is done, but the threat from Russia and other potential aggressors remains urgent and demands a serious and sustained response.
First, the Obama administration should quickly declassify as much as possible concerning what is known about the Russian hack, as requested by seven Democratic members of the Senate Intelligence Committee.
Second, the administration should brief members of the electoral college on the extent and manner of Russia’s interference in our election before they vote on Dec. 19, as requested by a bipartisan group of electors.
Third, Congress should authorize a far-reaching, bipartisan independent investigation modeled on the 9/11 Commission. The public deserves to know exactly what happened, why and what can be done to prevent future attacks. Reps. Eric Swalwell (D-Calif.) and Elijah E. Cummings (D-Md.) have introduced legislation to authorize such an investigation.
Finally, Congress should more vigorously exercise its oversight to determine why the FBI responded overzealously in the Clinton case and insufficiently in the Russian case. The FBI should also clarify whether there is an ongoing investigation into Trump, his associates and their ties to Russia. If ever there were a case of “intense public interest,” this is it. What’s broken in the FBI must be fixed and quickly.

When Chinese Dragon Hoodwinks at “World Largest Democracy”

China has made quick strategic moves to encircle India while advancing its growing global interests.

by Arun Kumar Singh-Dec 16, 2016
( December 16, 2016, New Delhi, Sri Lanka Guardian) Whilst most Indians have been rightly focused on India’s attempt to leapfrog into the digital and cashless economy after Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s surprise announcement of November 8 about demonetising Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 notes, some equally important news, which may have dangerous strategic implications for India, have been sidelined. China has made quick strategic moves to encircle India while advancing its growing global interests.
The Chinese Navy has been deployed in prolonged anti-piracy operations off Somalia since 2008. It has added conventional and nuclear submarines for such deployments though submarines have no role to play in anti-piracy operations. China has built and militarised seven artificial islands in the disputed South China Sea. It has improved its relations with the Philippines’ new President Rodrigo Duterte with a $20 billion aid package.
Early this year, China acquired its first foreign naval base facility in Djibouti, which also hosts US and Japan maritime surveillance aircraft. Now that Somali piracy has been largely neutralised, China has made various moves to ensure that its Navy has a permanent presence in the Indian Ocean region by getting base facilities for warships and aircraft. This will protect its sea lanes of commerce and also its newly-proclaimed Maritime Silk Route, which is a part of the well-known “one belt one road” connecting China to Europe by reviving the fabled Silk Route of medieval times. Let’s examine some of these Chinese moves, which are now becoming a reality.
The first of these relates to the Chinese-built Hambantota port in Sri Lanka, where China is now apparently going to control 80 per cent of the facility. It will have management control of this new strategically located deep-water port in India’s immediate neighbourhood.
Wily and farsighted China has also built a massive international airport just 18 km from Hambantota port, named as Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport. With Sri Lanka in no position to repay China for these infrastructure projects, and also others like the world-class highway linking Colombo to Galle port, there are some media reports about China taking Hambantota port and the Mattala airport on a 99-year lease. This will pave way for a Chinese naval base in our neighbourhood, thus converting Sri Lanka into a long-term Chinese ally.
In the meantime, US President-elect Donald Trump spoke to the Taiwanese President. This indicates that China and the US maybe heading for possible confrontation. To emphasise this point, last week, a US Navy long-range maritime patrol and anti-submarine aircraft P-8A, operated from China-built Mattala airport. Two rival superpowers in India’s backyard is not good news for India.
Next is the publicly announced forthcoming induction of two Chinese-built conventional submarines by the Bangladesh Navy in January 2017. It may be well known that Bangladesh is now planning to commercially exploit its newly-acquired expanded exclusive economic zone in the Bay of Bengal. China — which has already sold warships to Bangladesh — has now made a long-term presence in Bangladesh possible, by not only selling submarines at subsidised rates, but also providing $20 billion loan and signing deals worth $13.6 billion during President Xi’s two-day visit on October 14.
To solve its “Malacca dilemma”, China provided soft loans of $13.75 billion to Malaysia for building its East Coast rail line and also to sell four Navy warships at subsidised rates. The total package is about $34 billion.
Similarly, Thailand, which has Chinese-built warships in its Navy, has embraced China by placing orders for three Chinese conventional submarines in July 2016. China are apparently ready to finance and build the Kra Isthmus Canal (across Thailand), which will save hundreds of miles of sea passage for warships, submarines and merchant ships, by linking the Gulf of Thailand to the Andaman Sea.
Finally, we come to China’s all weather friend — Pakistan. It is the beneficiary of $51 billion for the China-Pakistan economic corridor, linking China’s restive Xinjiang province through disputed Pakistan-occupied Kashmir to China-financed, built and managed port of Gwadar. Recently, Pakistan announced that the Pakistan and Chinese Navies would jointly patrol the waters off Gwadar port to provide seaward security to this port, which last fortnight received the first Chinese merchant ship as part of CPEC.
Another media report mentions that the Pakistan Navy has created a special task force to provide seaward security to Gwadar port. Yet another recent media report says that Gwadar International Airport, financed and built by China, is ready to operate fully loaded A-380 Airbus aircraft, which are the largest aircraft flying today.
The Chinese Navy is already in the IOR, and its warships and submarines will soon be based at Chinese-built ports literally in our backyard, while Chinese warplanes will operate from Chinese-built airports which are next to Chinese-built seaports.
All this while India, its Parliament and people are in the throes of a well-meaning digital revolution to become a cashless society. Hopefully, Mr Modi will take decisive steps to counter this latest seaborne threat to our national security.

Vice Admiral Arun Kumar Singh retired as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy’s Eastern Naval Command in 2007. A nuclear and missile specialist trained in the former Soviet Union, he was also DG Indian Coast Guard.
Parliament passes immigration law it hopes will offer enhanced access to single market while giving residents priority over jobs, drawing parallels to Brexit arguments
 The SVP, the largest party in the Swiss parliament, accused the other parties of caving in to Brussels. Photograph: Anthony Anex/EPA

 European affairs correspondent-Friday 16 December 2016
Switzerland has rejected imposing quotas on EU workers in a bid to preserve its close economic ties with the bloc, opting instead to try to curb immigration by giving residents priority in new job vacancies.
Parliament voted to pass a compromise immigration law, marking a significant climbdown which the country hopes will allow it continued enhanced access to the EU’s single market following a 2014 referendum vote to cap EU immigration.
In a standoff with close parallels to Britain’s situation after the Brexit vote, Brussels had refused to budge from its stance that any attempt to restrict free movement by caps or quotas would automatically exclude Switzerland from the single market.
A quarter of Switzerland’s population – about 2 million people – are foreigners, including 1.4 million EU citizens, with 365,000 more commuting in daily from neighbouring EU countries France, Germany and Italy.
The new law, to which the EU is expected to respond formally next week, requires employers in sectors or regions with above-average unemployment to advertise vacancies at job centres and give locals priority before recruiting from abroad.
While there are exemptions, for example for family firms, companies that violate the law will face fines of up to 40,000 Swiss francs (£31,000).
However, to the fury of the populist, ultra-conservative SVP party, which backed the referendum, there is no mention of quotas – and cross-border commuters to Swiss jobs, plus EU residents in Switzerland, will be able to register with a Swiss job centre and get the same treatment as Swiss citizens.
The SVP, the largest party in parliament, accused the other parties of caving in to Brussels and abandoning Swiss sovereignty. Its MPs held up signs during the final vote saying “mass immigration continues” and warning that by dodging the requirements of the referendum, in which 50.3% of voters called for immigration caps, the law was an “unprecedented breach” of the country’s constitution.
The unexpected 2014 referendum result resulted in Switzerland being ejected from the EU’s science research programme and the Erasmus student exchange programme, and risked tearing up its special trade deal with the bloc, which takes more Swiss exports than any other market.
Switzerland’s complex economic and trading relations with the EU are governed by a web of more than 120 bilateral treaties that are all linked by a “guillotine clause” – meaning that if one is violated, they all collapse.
There is no firm guarantee that Brussels will accept the carefully crafted Swiss solution. The commission has repeatedly said it will need to be assured that it does not discriminate against EU workers.
Brussels will also be wary of creating a flexible precedent that Britain might be able to use in negotiating a new bilateral relationship with the bloc, in particular in trying to manage migration while preserving single market ties.
Both Swiss and EU officials have said the UK’s vote to leave the EU had considerably complicated talks between the two sides.
 German minister refuses to wear headscarf in Saudi Arabia days after Merkel calls for burka ban in Germany

We've Found Another Stylish Royal to Love! Meet Princess Ameerah of Saudi Arabia

Ursula von der Leyen refused to wear a headscarf when visiting Saudi Arabia in December AFP/Getty Images
    No automatic alt text available.
A German minister has refused to wear a headscarf during a visit to Saudi Arabia as she said women should have the right to choose what they wear.

Defence Minister Ursula von der Leyen was in the Saudi capital, Riydah, to meet deputy crown prince Salamn bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud when she voiced her concern that women were forced to cover up.

Speaking of her decision not to wear a headscarf or the abaya, the ubiquitous (and obligatory) cover for women in Saudi Arabia, Ms Von der Leyen said:  “No woman in my delegation will be required to wear the abaya, as the [right] to choose one’s attire is a right shared by men and women equally."  

Her comments reported in German newspaper Das Bild sparked uproar in the deeply-conservative state with Saudi citizens taking to social media to say she had insulted their country. 

Ms Von der Leyen arrived for her meeting with the deputy crown prince wearing a western-style dark trouser suit and no headscarf.

Her comments come days after Chancellor Angela Merkel called for a ban of full-faced veils in Germany “wherever legally possible” and in the same week that a Saudi woman was arrested for taking off her veil in public.

All women in Saudi Arabia are required to wear the abaya which covers the entirety of a woman’s body apart from her face, hands and feet.

Muslim women usually pair the abaya with a headscarf of some sort.

Ms Von der Leyen followed the example of US First Lady Michelle Obama who also declined to wear a headscarf when visiting the Arab country last year.

Ms Merkel called for the ban earlier this month while speaking to her conservative Christian Democratic Union in Essen.

Making her bid for a fourth term as Chancellor Ms Merkel said: “The full-face veil must be banned, wherever legally possible.”

South Korea: Lawyers say Park’s impeachment no legal basis, court should overturn vote

(File) South Korea's President Park Geun-hye. Source: Reuters/Kim Hong-Ji

16th December 2016

LAWYERS for embattled South Korean President Park Geun-hye struck a defiant note on Friday, saying a parliamentary vote to impeach her had no legal basis and should be overturned by the Constitutional Court.

Park was indicted in a Dec 9 vote by a wider-than-expected 234-56 margin, setting the stage for her to become the country’s first democratically elected leader to be ejected from office.

“We see no grounds for impeachment and it should be struck down,” Lee Joong-hwan, a former prosecutor who is part of the team representing Park, told reporters gathered at the court building where the fate of her presidency will be decided.

Her lawyers also said that it was unlikely that Park would appear before the court when it begins to hear the case. The court could take up to 180 days to reach a decision.

Park, 64, whose father ruled the country for 18 years after seizing power in a 1961 coup, is accused of colluding with long-time friend Choi Soon-sil, who has been indicted and is in custody, to pressure big businesses to make contributions to non-profit foundations backing presidential initiatives.


Park, who is serving a single five-year term that is due to end in February 2018, has denied wrongdoing but apologised for carelessness in her ties with Choi.

She has refused widespread calls to resign immediately, despite huge weekly protests and Parliament’s overwhelming vote for impeachment, fuelling concern the political crisis could drag on for months.
But her lawyer said her legal team was looking to move quickly.

“We want a quick process and will not request to delay it,” Lee said.

Although stripped of her presidential powers, which are being wielded by the prime minister, Park retains her title and her official residence.

She has presidential immunity while in office, but risks facing prosecution upon her departure.
Earlier on Friday, an official in the presidential Blue House said parliamentary investigators would not get access to her official residence, citing national security.

“They can’t come inside,” a Blue House official told reporters, declining to be identified.

“We haven’t changed our stance on that. We are in talks regarding where to meet, and what to do, if parliament’s special committee wants to hold an inspection.”


The Blue House official also denied allegations it had ordered South Korea’s intelligence agency to spy on judges, including the chief justice of the Supreme Court.

“The Blue House has never spied on anybody and it’s something that should not happen,” the official said of the allegations, made by a former media executive during a televised parliamentary hearing on Thursday.

On Friday, Lee Kyu-chul, a spokesman for the special prosecutor in the case, told reporters the team would keep looking for legal grounds allowing it to enter the Blue House.

The special prosecutor’s office has said it wants to search the offices of former Blue House officials who have been indicted in the case. – Reuters

South Korea orders record cull of poultry to contain bird flu


South Korea's bird flu alert hits highest level ever

By Jane Chung and Jeongeun Lee | SEOUL-Fri Dec 16, 2016


South Korea has ordered its biggest-ever cull of chickens and other poultry, gassing millions of birds to fight an avian flu outbreak spreading at what the government called an unprecedented rate.

Most of the birds culled were egg-laying hens, sending local egg prices sharply higher. Among the first consumers to react, bakeries said they were are cutting down on egg purchases and some families said they were switching to other foods.

The Agriculture Ministry said on Friday it had ordered the cull of 4 million more birds, which would take to 16 million the total number killed since mid-November, or almost one-fifth of the poultry population.

On Thursday, South Korea raised its bird flu alert status to the highest level for the first time, because of the rapid spread of the H5N6 virus.

The government has said it has found 54 cases of the virus in poultry since the first outbreak was reported on Nov. 18.

"It appears to be more highly pathogenic and it is spreading more quickly than the H5N8 virus that occurred in 2014," Agriculture Minister Kim Jae-soo told reporters.

About 14 million birds were culled until that outbreak was finally brought under control in November 2015.

"We have appointed a central emergency measures headquarters to oversee the situation and reinforce our pan-governmental response measures," added Kim.

He was flanked by officials who, like him, were wearing the yellow windbreakers donned during emergencies.

Although cases of human infections from the H5N6 virus have been previously reported elsewhere, including China, no cases of human infections have ever been detected in South Korea.

Outbreaks of avian influenza have been reported recently in Japan and several European nations, including France, which widened "high risk" restrictions nationwide last week.

Authorities in the southern Chinese city of Macau temporarily closed a poultry market and halted sales of live birds citywide after a trader tested positive for its first human case of the H7N9 bird flu virus, the government said.

The 58-year-old man has been quarantined in hospital and has yet to show symptoms. More than 10,000 chickens and pigeons at the Nam Yue market were culled on Tuesday after the discovery of the virus.

In Seoul, the average retail price for 30 eggs had risen 15 percent to 6,279 won ($5.31) by Thursday since the outbreak began, the state-run Korea Agro-Fisheries & Food Trade Corp said, adding that prices were likely to rise further.

"(Eggs) are too expensive...I make rolled omelet often for my meals, but I guess I would have to change it to things like fishcake. My family consumes around two trays per month, but because of the price I would have to make it one," said 67-year-old Jun Chang-gil, who was shopping at Lotte Mart in Seoul.

Sim Jae-hak, a baker at the Humming Bella cafe in Seoul, said its menu was being changed to include more mousse and cheese cake, items that use fewer eggs.

The agriculture ministry said it would consider a temporary shutdown of slaughterhouses and animal feed factories if necessary to limit the spread of the virus.

The ministry had already stepped up quarantine measures, including a temporary nationwide ban on poultry transport.

(Reporting by Jane Chung and Jeongeun Lee; Editing by Tony Munroe and Raju Gopalakrishnan)

How Much Ibuprofen Is Too Much in One Day?

There are limits to what the body can handle.

Photo Credit: rmnoa357 / Shutterstock

Analysis: Strong Prescription Painkillers Increasingly Deadly

HomeBy Elana Glowatz / Medical Daily-December 15, 2016

Sometimes when our heads hurt, or any other body part for that matter, a couple of ibuprofens don’t seem like enough. Taking too much of the over-the-counter painkiller, however, could be dangerous.

There are limits to what the body can tolerate. Both Motrin and Advil — two of the most popular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, also known as NSAIDs — come with warning labels that suggest a maximum adult dose of 1,200 milligrams per day. With 200 milligram pills, that translates to one every four hours. While suggesting that people only take the minimum necessary to relieve their pain, they also say it is all right to take a second pill if one alone does not work. Taking two every six hours, a common strategy, would add up to a 1,600-milligram dose in one day.

 
Those directions are on the safest end of the scale. But the other end is not as well defined. Drugs.com lists a maximum daily dose of 3,200 milligrams a day for adults, for example. 
One article about ibuprofen overdoses on the National Institutes of Health discusses how symptoms will present themselves with overdoses, saying symptoms are unlikely if someone has taken less than 100 milligrams per kilogram of their body weight — for reference, someone weighing 150 pounds is about 68 kilograms — which represents a massive dose compared to what the drug manufacturers recommend. 
The most serious side effects of an ibuprofen overdose, like seizures, kidney failure or heart failure, “occur after [more than] 400 mg/kg has been ingested.”

The U.S. National Library of Medicine lists symptoms of ibuprofen overdose as blurred vision, ringing in the ears, diarrhea, heartburn, nausea, stomach pain from internal bleeding, difficulty breathing, 
headache, confusion, drowsines, seizures, dizziness, sweating and a lack of urine from the kidneys being impaired.

Although ibuprofen is one of the safest painkillers out there, it can still “rarely cause clinically apparent and serious acute liver injury,” well before the overdose level, the U.S. National Library of Medicine says. Most of those cases, however, could be linked to an immunoallergic reaction.


There are other risks as well. People who take prescription blood thinners, for example, have to be careful because ibuprofen can thin the blood too. That side effect additionally makes it easier to bruise or bleed.

Ibuprofen warning labels suggest people speak to their doctors if they notice any symptoms of stomach bleeding or have a history of problems that could make painkillers risky, like heartburn, liver or kidney problems, heart disease, or ulcers.

Thursday, December 15, 2016

Autonomy to North east under Federalism is our demand -Mavai Senathirajah


Q How do you analyse the current political situation of the North?

2016-12-15
Our people are worried today because both the United National Party (UNP) and the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), as the two main parties, talk about a political solution within a unitary State. We, the Tamil National Alliance (TNA), received a mandate from our people to secure power devolution under a Federal Constitution. That is fully-pledged power devolution between the centre and the provinces. That means autonomy should be given to the North and the East as they are the traditional areas of habitation of Tamils and Muslims. People gave a mandate to the TNA to achieve this. Our understanding now is that the UNP and the SLFP insist on retaining the unitary character. It would pave the way for the ‘division of people’ and the country. The UNP even adopted a resolution at the recent Working Committee to this effect. Yet, a Federal system can unite the three communities - the Sinhalese, Tamils and Muslims. It is a method experienced in various countries. 

Who Is A Tamil?


Colombo Telegraph
By S. I. Keethaponcalan –December 15, 2016 
Dr. S. I. Keethaponcalan
Dr. S. I. Keethaponcalan
A few days ago, my review of Laksiri Fernando’s new book entitled Issues of New Constitution Making in Sri Lanka: Towards Ethnic Reconciliation appeared in the Colombo Telegraph. Soma, presumably a pseudonymed CT reader asked, what do you mean by Tamil (people). He/she argued that it is important to clearly define the “Tamil” people in order to proceed with the discussion on the devolution of power. Perhaps, Soma is correct in saying that a precise definition is important, because, often, Tamil analysts use the term loosely and take the definition for granted. I thought that it is an important question and decided to reflect. The opinions expressed are mine and I do not claim that all or most Tamils share my views on this topic.
Who is a Tamil? Soma’s question is restricted to Sri Lanka. However, let us start the discussion with a global perspective. Tamil is an ethnic category, which has been defined mainly by language, although Tamils share many cultural traits. Hence, any person who considers Tamil as his or her mother tongue may be defined as a Tamil. Tamils live all around the world. Since, a distinction needs to be made among these Tamils who live in different parts of the world, sub-ethnic categories have been created. Indian Tamils, Sri Lankan Tamils, and Malaysian Tamils are some of these sub-ethnic categories. Tamils are native to India and Sri Lanka. Hence, in many of these countries often distinctions are made between Indian and Sri Lankan Tamils despite the reality that they may operate as a unified entity. For example, in many host nations Thamil Sangams are formed to bring Tamils from different countries together.
Sri Lankan Muslims
In Sri Lanka the definition remains largely blurred due to socio-political realities and political reasons. The discussion could quickly move to the question whether Muslims in Sri Lanka are Tamils. This issue remains controversial and a cause of contention because opinion greatly differs between (most) Tamils and Muslims on the definition. Many Tamils consider Muslims as Tamils because traditionally a vast majority of Muslims spoke Tamil. Since, they are religiously different from the Hindu Tamils, they are called Islamiyath Thamilar (Muslim Tamils) by some Tamils even today.
Ponnampalam Ramanathan famously argued that Muslims are Islamiyath Thamilar. This notion created serious rift between the two communities. Muslims believed that Tamils have political motives to label them as Tamils. Many Muslims who write about Muslim-Tamil issues often start their analysis from Ramanathan. The label, Islamiyath Thamilar makes the Muslims a subcategory of Tamil. Hence, the resistance.
The Muslims consider themselves as a distinct and independent community different from the Tamils notwithstanding the fact that many of them still speak Tamil. However, they do not treat Tamil as their mother tongue, but a convenient tool used at home. Of course, there may be exceptions to this general rule. The notion that Tamil speaking Muslims are not Tamils may create some conceptual issues because Tamil ethnicity is defined by language. When it comes to the rights of a group of people, concepts are less significant.
Therefore, I subscribe to the idea that Muslims are not Tamils. They are an independent social group defined by religion. Every social group has the right to define it’s identify as it deems fit. The Muslims have the right to define who they are. Tamils trying to define the Muslims identity may make them hegemonic. Therefore, Tamil people, do not include the Muslims. The recognition that Muslims are an independent group has the potential to promote Muslim-Tamil reconciliation.
Another category often used in Sri Lanka is “Tamil speaking people.” This label could also be problematic for two reasons. One, it creates a division within the Muslim community because Muslims now speak Sinhala, Tamil, and English. Two, there is hardly any solidarity between Tamil speaking Muslims and Tamils. It could become a useful category if the Muslims are enthusiastic about it. At this point in time, there is hardly any evidence to suggest that Muslims are enthusiastic about working with the Tamils. The trend could change if the attacks on the Muslims community continue or escalate.
Up-country Tamils
In Sri Lanka, a distinction is also made between Indian (or plantation or up-country) Tamils and Sri Lankan Tamils. This distinction is important for two reasons.
One, there are historical differences between the two groups. Sri Lankan Tamils have a very long history in the country. They are native to Sri Lanka. Hence, they are often called indigenous Tamils. If I remember correctly, K.M. de Silva called Sri Lankan Tamils the “Indigenous Tamils.” Some nationalist Sinhalese believe that Sri Lankan Tamils were of recent origin, hence not native to the country. Nevertheless, Indian Tamils were mostly, but not exclusively, brought to work in the plantations during the colonial era.
Two, the issues and concerns of the Indian Tamils or Up-country Tamils are different from the Sri Lankan Tamils. Their problems are mostly social welfare related and could be resolved through administrative means, including administrative decentralization. They do not ask for a separate state and have worked closely with Sri Lankan governments. The Sri Lankan Tamils on the other hand, believe that the North-East Provinces are their “homeland” and they fought for a separate state.
Hence, lumping Indian Tamils and Sri Lankan Tamils together under the label “Tamil” would certainly undermine the Indian Tamil’s socio-political welfare. Their issues would become less significant. Therefore, in terms of political discourse, it is important to make a distinction between the Indian Tamils and Sri Lankan Tamils. It seems that the Indian Tamils have been increasingly adopting the label Up-country Tamils.

EU: Don’t turn a blind eye to torture in Sri Lanka


Dec 14, 2016

The EU may be about to turn a blind eye to torture in Sri Lanka. Here’s how you can stop them.

In just under a month’s time, the EU Commission will take a decision on whether to begin the process of restoring ‘GSP+’ preferential trade status to Sri Lanka, the scheme of concessions granted to non-EU states that uphold human rights and the rule of the law. According to sources close to the Commission, there are strong signs that it is preparing to give the go-ahead for the move, which could come as early as 8th January 2017. In light of serious ongoing human rights violations in Sri Lanka – particularly torture (as underscored by last week’s damning report of the UN Committee Against Torture last week) – this must be stopped.

EU GSP+ plus criteria for Sri Lanka
2010 EU Criteria for the Retention/Restoration of GSP+ Status to Sri Lanka

Many readers will recall that Sri Lanka was stripped of its ‘GSP+’ status in August 2010 in response to repeated and systematic human rights abuses under then President Mahinda Rajapaksa. That development followed the Government of Sri Lanka’s failure to substantively respond to a letter sent from the EU Commission in June of that year, in which it laid out 15 conditions that would need to be met in order for GSP+ to be retained. Though wide-ranging in scope, a significant portion of these comprised specific steps designed to eradicate torture, in fulfilment of Sri Lanka’s obligations under both the Convention Against Torture and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – international treaties that EU rules require countries receiving GSP+ status to implement.

Yet six years later, and despite the change in government, torture has remained disturbingly persistent. Following a comprehensive review, the pre-eminent UN body for addressing torture, last week described torture as “common practice” in Sri Lanka, the result of long-standing impunity for perpetrators combined with a failure to undertake basic institutional reforms to deter its use (for example, through the repeal of the draconian Prevention of Terrorism Act).

Acknowledging the credibility of reports by human rights organisations concerning ongoing abductions and torture under the new government, as well as the continued existence of secret detention sites used to facilitate them, the Committee made a series of 50 recommendations along with a request for the Government of Sri Lanka to provide a further implementation report by 7th December 2017.

The Sri Lanka Campaign is demanding that the EU Commission postpone any decision to restore GSP+ to Sri Lanka until the UN Committee Against Torture has evaluated this report. To determine the issue any sooner would not merely fly in the face of the EU’s own advice on the matter; it would also seriously undermine the important work of the Committee and represent a grave affront to the survivors of torture.

Moreover, the EU Commission must remain mindful of the role that GSP+ will surely play in the much broader effort, being advanced by EU states through the work of the Human Rights Council, to ensure that Sri Lanka effectively deals with the legacy of the war through a credible justice and reconciliation process. GSP+ remains one of the few remaining ‘carrots’ with which to help secure the good-will of a government that has often appeared deeply unwilling to take the steps necessary to build a sustainable peace in Sri Lanka. It is therefore one that must not be squandered so readily.


P.S. want to increase the impact of your action? Email five friends asking them sign the petition today, or share the link to this piece along with the image below on social media using the hashtag #No2GSP+. You can get the EU Commission to take notice by tagging them here on Twitter and here on Facebook.

no-to-gsp