Peace for the World

Peace for the World
First democratic leader of Justice the Godfather of the Sri Lankan Tamil Struggle: Honourable Samuel James Veluppillai Chelvanayakam

Monday, July 13, 2015

Geopolitics of the Hegemons and Genocide of the oppressed

TamilNet[TamilNet, Monday, 13 July 2015, 11:56 GMT]-Athithan Jayapalan
Athithan Jayapalan“The Eezham Tamils occupying the strategic coasts in North-East Sri Lanka facing the Bay of Bengal, the Baloch occupying the coasts where the Persian Gulf meets the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, the Kachins occupying the strategic regions of Burma and the Rohinygas situated near the Isthmus of Kra have all been victims of the geopolitical dynamics involved in the collusion between competing world establishments and Asian nation-states. Such a future scenario warrants alternative measures to overcome the political injustice of imperialistic geopolitics,” writes Norway-based Eezham Tamil anthropology academic Athithan Jayapalan. Eezham Tamils, being the victims of an internationally orchestrated structural genocide, should take the lead in edifying the oppressed nations of the world in building an alternative global political network, writes the second-generation Diaspora academic. 
Full text of the article by Athithan Jayapalan follows: 

30 years since Tamil organisations unanimously agreed on Thimphu principles
Delegations meet at the first phase of the Thimphu peace talks. Tamil delegation seated on the left and the Sri lankan delegation seated on the right. Photograph: Sahajeevana Centre




13 July 2015
தமிழ்த் தேசியம்




30 years ago today, a coalition of Tamil organisations representing the Tamil people in Sri Lanka unanimously agreed a set of principles concerning a political solution to the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka.
The declaration came at the conclusion of the first phase of peace talks with the Sri Lankan government in Bhutan’s capital of Thimphu.
In a joint declaration released on the 13th July 1985, a Tamil delegation consisting of representatives from the Eelam People’s Revolutionay Liberation Front (EPRLF), Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Srudents (EROS), Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), People’s Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE), Tamil Eelam Liberation Organisation (TELO) and Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), said,
Candidates on crusade

art.mahinda.rajapaksa.afp-IN-1lead-ranl
logoTuesday, 14 July 2015


  • 6,151 candidates to contest for 196 seats in 17 August poll
  • Ex-President contesting Parliament seat unprecedented; will be highlight of election
  • President Sirisena refuses to break his silence on nomination for Rajapaksa
  • Champika appointed UNFGG General Secretary; pledges to continue 8 January struggle
  • Anura Yapa says Mahinda is district leader for Kurunegala
  • Interesting line up in National Lists; JVP produces the best
By Dharisha Bastians
The 17 August Parliamentary election officially kicked off after nominations closed at noon yesterday, with all major political parties throwing their hat in the ring to win seats in Sri Lanka’s 15th Parliament.
According to the nomination lists handed over at the district secretariats by noon yesterday, 6,151 candidates will compete for 196 seats in the country’s 225-member Legislature next month.
Haunting the SLFP




 2015-07-13
It was quite evident from the very beginning that the campaign by a group of Mahinda Rajapaksa acolytes to nominate the ex-president as the Prime Ministerial candidate of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party/United People’s Freedom Alliance was self-seeking and opportunistic. 

Changed circumstances favour good governance coalition


article_image
By Jehan Perera- 

President Maithripala Sirisena’s decision to nominate his arch rival former President Mahinda Rajapaksa to contest the general elections from his party came as a major shock especially to the president’s closest supporters. To make matters worse for them, the president also gave in to the demand that the former president’s allies also be given nomination despite the poor reputations most of them suffer from on account of their conduct during the previous ten years of their period of government. There was a vain hope that the president would reverse his decision at the last moment. One of the civil society groups that campaigned for the president at the presidential election in January met him and reported that he had asked them to wait until the day after nominations closed.

The belief that President Sirisena would act at the last minute to upset the former president’s comeback bid had a rational basis to it. Soon after his election victory, President Sirisena was widely reported to have said that he would have been six feet underground had he lost the presidential election. He followed up on this statement by rejecting the former president’s comeback bid as prime ministerial candidate of the SLFP. He had said that this would give an opportunity to those who had failed to win the presidential election by the ballot to accomplish their objective through a bullet. President Sirisena even prohibited members of the SLFP from attending the" bring back Mahinda" rallies organised by the former president’s supporters.

There are many theories about why President Sirisena suddenly changed his mind and gave nomination to the former president. These include inducements from China and even blackmail. But the more likely explanation is the president’s growing sense of isolation from the two major political formations in the country. By crossing over from the SLFP to contest the presidential election as the joint opposition candidate, President Sirisena lost his legitimacy with the SLFP voter base which, by and large, remained with former president Mahinda Rajapaksa. But thereafter President SIrisena found to his discomfiture that the UNP-led government that he had appointed in fulfilment of his election campaign promise was making decisions without taking him into confidence.

POSITIVE FALLOUT

It is unfortunate that as the country heads towards a decisive general election, President Sirisena’s stock among the general population is no longer as high as it was. Earlier he lost most of the SLFP by breaking ranks and contesting the presidential election as the joint opposition candidate. The 5.8 million voters who cast their votes in favour of former president Mahinda Rajapaksa would have viewed President Sirisena with disfavour. Now after his nomination of the former president to the SLFP parliamentary list, it is likely that the 6.2 million who voted for him would feel betrayed, as their vote was a negative vote to defeat the former president. By bringing this very person back to the centre of the SLFP’s campaign at the general election, he is seen to have acted against the mandate he asked for and received.

However, there has been positive fallout of the president’s turnaround. This action of the president has compelled the fractious coalition that defeated former president Rajapaksa at the presidential election to unify again. This is because they see the re-entry of the former president into national politics as the biggest threat to themselves and the changes they seek to make to the polity. By unleashing the former president and his allies upon the electorate, President Sirisena has mobilised the coalition of political parties that united behind him eight months ago to oust the former president from the most powerful position in the polity. The decision of the JHU and dissident sections of the SLFP, along with several ethnic minority parties, to join the UNP in a coalition can re-forge the winning combination that defeated former president Mahinda Rajapaksa under even more unfavourable conditions than presently exist.

This time around there will be at least two factors that will assuredly be in favour of the anti-Rajapaksa coalition. The first is that the state machinery will not be controlled by the former president and his allies. During the presidential election in January, they were able to utilise the state machinery to the maximum degree. During the election campaign, the area of weakness that could not be addressed with any degree of effectiveness by any countervailing authority was the abuse of state resources, including the state media, by the government. PAFFREL for instance reported that the abuse of state resources was three times greater this time than at the previous presidential election. On this occasion, however, and after the passage of the 19th Amendment there is a greater degree of independence for state authorities vested with the power to conduct elections and to monitor them.

CHANGED PARADIGM

The second factor that will make a difference is the paradigm shift that has taken place over the past six months. During the past six months the paradigm has shifted and national security and the issue of the revival of the LTTE and ethnic and religious conflict is no longer at the centre of people’s attention. By way of contrast, until his defeat at the presidential election and the loss of governmental power to him and his allies, the former president and his government stoked the fears and passions of ethnic conflict, the LTTE and national security in the hearts and minds of the people. Every effort was made to keep the people in fear and to utilise the possible revival of the LTTE and the division of the country to instil apprehension in the people.

However, since the presidential election campaign began in November 2014, the issues that have begun to take the centre stage are those of corruption, abuse of power and inter-ethnic and the need to promote inter-religious reconciliation. With the change of government after the presidential election, the national security state is no longer given so much emphasis. There has been a sense of relief and ease amongst the general population, and especially the ethnic and religious minorities, who feel a greater sense of confidence in the law and order machinery of the state, which has more independence to act with integrity.

Finally, there is also a third factor that could decisively swing the election in favour of the anti-Rajapaksa alliance of political parties. This is the role that President Sirisena himself might play during the election campaign. He was elected on a platform that promised clean government and good government. The president’s commitment to the passage of the 19th Amendment to the constitution that reduced the powers of the presidency earned him a reputation of being a statesman. After agreeing to the nomination of former president Rajapaksa and his allies, President Sirisena made a public speech in which he pledged not to abandon the "silent revolution" that took place at the presidential elections. This will also be in keeping with his promise to the civil society members with whom he met, and to whom he promised favourable action after nominations close on July 13.

The Old Regime Is Falling; Surely


Colombo Telegraph
By Shyamon Jayasinghe –July 13, 2015
Shyamon Jayasinghe
Shyamon Jayasinghe
I write, of course, from the framework of the Yahapalana movement. From this perspective what we observe now happening is tremendous and exulting. Also, looking back at the short-lived betrayal theories posted on President Maitripala Sirisena’s wall, it all seems that those who indulged in that outcry were misinformed and lacking in tactical political knowledge.
Our story began with the bring-back campaign. Who wanted this campaign? Not Mahinda Rajapaksa, who had by that time virtually resigned himself to the status of a retired-hurt President. Mahinda had handed over the reigns of the SLFP and UPFA to his slayer and successor, the humble Maitripala Sirisena from BOP 400 Polonnaruwa farmers colony. It all originated with the fear that enveloped many of Mahinda’s cronies who had charges arrayed against them and the realisation among them that their lucrative careers were at an end. In the part of the prosperous world that I live, politicians don’t fear the fall because the business sector absorbs them. On the other hand, the claustrophobic world that is Sri Lanka perhaps hardly offers pollies any option but to fight for return.
Champika Ranil ArjunaWhat future did persons like Wimal, Vasu, Tissa Vitharna, DEW Gunasekera, Dinesh, Aluthgamage have? Wimal spoke derisively and contemptuously against Yahapalanaya. He and his other cohorts refused to see that the Yahapalanaya slogan did have an appeal among the ordinary and even less vocal masses. Wimal, whom Dayan Jayatilleka praised as a ‘Jacobian Orator,” cried in his sharp shrill voice with eerie tone, “Yahapalanayo…koh mung?” “Sirisenayo, koh mung? Ranilayo koh mung...” The Jacobin Orator had been off the mark. We know that at least now.                                          Read More 

Major political realignments as nominations end

By Our Political Editor-Sunday, July 12, 2015
View(s): 9753

  • UNP forms new alliance with JHU, former UPFA stalwarts and SLMC; will contest as United National Front for Good Governance
  • Sirisena under severe pressure; gives various reasons for Rajapaksa’s re-entry but assures he won’t betray Jan. 8 mandate
  • Fonseka’s party also seeks alliance with UNP, but demand for six slots in Colombo District rejected
The Sunday Times Sri LankaThe bitter truth which some disbelieved, others hoped was untrue and yet others dismissed as impossible was officially confirmed as a reality this week.

MR Will Lose At Next Poll

  • Astrologer Who Predicted MR’s Defeat At Presidential Polls Says
By Nirmala Kannangara-Monday, July 13, 2015
The Gods that sent former President Mahinda Rajapaksa home on January 8ththis year, will never allow him back to power, said Indika Thotawatta.
The visually handicapped soothsayer, Thotawatta became a popular figure during the last Presidential election as the only astrologer who openly predicted a definite defeat to the then President Rajapaksa at the last Presidential election.
He told The Sunday Leader that according to astrology, Rajapaksa will never be able to come back to power.
Thotawatta said that he will not ‘sell’ a prophecy to earn money and added that he is also not scared to make any prediction whether it is detrimental or not, claiming that it is the right of those who come to them to know the truth.
“I cannot cheat people; I say what is in store in their future. I was so disgusted and surprised at the manner in which the so-called professional astrologers in the country openly said how Mahinda Rajapaksa will win the election claiming how powerful his planetary chart was. They also said how his (Rajapaksa’s) birth chart showed his increasing popularity and that no one can defeat him because he has a ‘raja yoga’. Either they have been given a wrong birth chart for Rajapaksa or else they were asked to tell lies to mislead the public,” Thotawatta said.
According to Thotawatta, had Mahinda Rajapaksa grabbed on to power by hook or by crook on January 8, he would have been sent home by the people within one year and his destiny would have been worse than the fate that befell Ferdinand Marcos of Philippines.
“Mahinda Rajapaksa should be thankful to the people of this country for sending him home on January 8, if not his birth chart clearly shows how his popularity diminishes very fast and will have to serve a jail term. Since he was thrown out from the power by the Gods above, his fate would not be as bad as Ferdinand Marcos but he will not be accepted as a leader by the people of this country hereafter,” Thotawatta added.
Describing what he had to undergo after his prediction of Rajapaksa’s defeat, Thotawatta said that he would have become a billionaire within a few days, had he gone before the people on TV and reverted his prediction about the presidential election results.
“No one expected me to make such a bold prediction at a forum when all the other astrologers were in one voice claiming that Rajapaksa will record a landslide victory. At that time I was cornered by the other astrologers but I was not disappointed since I knew what I was talking about. I was perfect in my sense and that was why I told the truth,” Thotawatta said.
Although young and small-made, Thotawatta was bold enough to take the risk and say that Rajapaksa was going to be defeated at the election.
“Knowing the danger that I will have to face, I still could not deceive the listeners, but had to tell the truth. The truth is sour. There were some channels that did not want to invite me to take part in certain astrological programmes as they did not want to highlight any prediction that went against the then President,” he added.
“If the karma permits, we can live long and if not die young. Everything happens according to the karma,” Thotawatta said.
When asked what exactly happened when he gave a ‘nasty’ prediction against Rajapaksa, Thotawatta with a pleasing smile said, “Although I was fearless to be bold, those who had watched the programme came forward to help me out to provide protection to me in fear for my life. Whilst thanking them wholeheartedly for being so concerned, I went on repeating the same at every discussion I was invited to as I was not scared,” he added.
Thotawatta meanwhile said how he was offered money and perks by former Defence Secretary Gotabhaya Rajapaksa to revert his prediction in order to build confidence among viewers about a certain Rajapaksa victory, which Totawatta declined.
“I am not an astrologer who sells the profession. I know there are many who will do any prediction for money. If they want money why cannot they do another job than selling out this hallowed profession? When I was offered money and other perks I refused and told the former Defence Secretary when he came to meet me that I am not an astrologer who could be bought over for money,” Thotawatta claimed.
In Lanka, talk of cash flow fueling political jockeying, graft charges and memories of rights violations during former president’s rule loom over parliamentary polls
 
Col R Hariharan |Times of India| South Pole| 13 July 2015
 
Unfazed by his surprise defeat in the last presidential polls, Sri Lanka’s Mahinda Rajapaksa appears to be back with a bang on the nation’s political centre stage with the United Peoples Freedom Alliance (UPFA) coalition nominating him to contest the August 17 parliamentary election. as a candidate. Six months ago, when Rajapaksa went into a sulk after his  defeat, nobody would have imagined that he would bounce back so soon and so strongly with the support of UPFA.
 
His nomination ended weeks of suspense, as his bête noire President Maithripala Sirisena, chief of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), tried to persuade the party, the UPFA coalition and even Mahinda to prevent the latter’s comeback. But Rajapaksa seems to have made up his mind, well before political manoevures began, to contest the election with or without SLFP support as the anti-corruption bodies were making life miserable for him and his siblings. But no one, probably not even Mahinda, was certain of the UPFA nominating him.
 
Sirisena is reported to have confessed to his loyalists that he could not carry the UPFA coalition with him to prevent Rajapaksa’s nomination. Civil society  leaders and political leaders who put their faith in him to clean up the administration and ensure Mahinda does not reincarnate called Maithripala’s decision a betrayal of the 8 January mandate.
 
Meanwhile, caretaker Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe-led UNP has announced the formation of the United National Front for Good Governance (UNFGG) to contest on the same plank of corruption free governance it had used successfully in the presidential election.. The UNFGG brings together disparate political parties and elements like the rightwing Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU), which never saw eye to eye with the UNP all along, dissidents from the UPFA front, some important leaders and close confidants of Sirisena like Ranjitha Senaratne from the SLFP and the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC). Field Marshal Sarath Fonseka and his Democratic party and the Tamil National Alliance (TNA) are likely to extend support to the UNFGG even if they do not join it.
 
It is not going to be a cakewalk for Mahinda. Though the Sirisena-Wickremesinghe combine’s investigation of all mega projects finalized during the Rajapaksa regime has not found evidence to prosecute Rajapaksas, the allegations remain fresh in public memory. Ditto is the fate of allegations that Rajaaksa family had stashed their illegal wealth abroad in secret accounts.
President Rajapaksa ruthlessly used his executive powers to put down opposition from  all quarters using political goons and even the military while rule of law remained only in statute books. Such callous exercise of power, more than anything else rallied the masses to vote against him in the presidential poll.
  
A massive turnout of minorities against Rajapaksa helped Sirisena gain the vital lead in January. Though Sirisena-Wickremesinghe combine has not fully met with the long standing demands of the minorities, particularly Tamils, it had taken halting steps to improve the situation. A few thousand acres of land in the north occupied by the Army have been returned to the rightful owners. Colombo has removed minor pinpricks under which the TNA-led Northern Province government functioned. Even on the vexing issues of missing persons and war crimes there had been positive movements. The government had met Tamil Diaspora representatives including the Global Tamil Forum (GTF) to muster their support for evolving a solution to the Tamil minority issue. So the Tamil National Alliance (TNA) has little option but to support the UNP-led front.
 
The Muslim vote is likely to go more for UNFGG as memories of anti-Muslim campaign during Rajapaksa regime is fresh in their memory.
 
Of course, it is difficult to predict who will gain a majority in the parliament as the political line ups are not yet final. However, one thing iscertain;Rajapaksa’s image as modern day Duttegemunu, the legendary Sinhala King who defeated the Tamil King Elara, for eliminating the Tamil Tigers may not be enough for a comeback. He will have to be seen as an inclusive and more democratic leader. And that may not be easy.
 
[Col R Hariharan, a retired Intelligence Corps officer, served as the head of intelligence with the Indian Peace Keeping Force (1987-90). E-mail: haridirect@gmail.com]

The identity blues of the SLFP

Fragments.

In 2010, the United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA) obtained 144 seats and a parliamentary majority. There were those who voiced concerns. Some yelled "End of Democracy!" Others hoped for the best. This majority after all was obtained through a system that confers virtual dictatorial powers on the man at the top and his party.

To be sure, some of those who protested this had themselves been beneficiaries of a party-majority before, i.e. when the United National Party (UNP) "ruled" throughout the 1980s. They chose to go dumb over democracy-deficits back then. Pots calling kettles black? Certainly.
Times have changed however. Some of those who rode high on the 2010 majority have switched loyalties. Some haven't. Others continue to hover in-between. Their loyalties remain multi-coloured. That's politics. That's natural. Blame the UNP-manufactured manapa kramaya.
Rumours that stalwarts from the UPFA are to cross over to the UNP have surfaced within the past few days. These would-be defectors cite the decision by the UPFA to nominate Mahinda Rajapaksa for the General Election as reason for disgruntlement. Fair enough. After all, why should the former president come back, given that he lost on January 8? More importantly, why is his party hellbent on giving him a return ticket?
That's just at one level though.
Those expected to defect include Arjuna Ranatunga, Nandimithra Ekanayake, and M. K. D. S. Gunawardena. To these we can add those who jumped the ship to help the then Common Candidate Maithripala Sirisena, including Rajitha Senaratne and Duminda Dissanayake. But that's speculation. Meanwhile, here's food for thought.
Both Ranatunga and Chandrika Kumaratunga distanced themselves early on from Rajapaksa. Kumaratunga didn't help her own party's candidate during his bid for presidency in 2005 for reasons best known to her. Ranatunga subsequently hobnobbed with the likes of Mangala Samaraweera, Sripathi Sooriyarachchi, and Tiran Alles in the (pro-Chandrika) Mahajana Wing. When the former joined the UNP and the latter moved back as an independent candidate, Ranatunga continued to oppose Rajapaksa without "going green".
Now here's my question. If fidelity to party was a priority for these people, how would they save face upon defection? The likes of Gunawardena and Ranatunga were vociferous champions of Maithripala Sirisena's takeover of the SLFP. They spoke little about those with dubious records who crossed over to their side. They spoke nothing about how the UNP tactically positioned itself to attack the SLFP by dividing the party and granting a blank cheque to the Sirisena Faction.
Now here's the pincer. Who's really loyal to the SLFP?
Granted, at a time when the man who heads the party appears divided between the Blues and Greens, it's hard to tell. But I've stated again and again that the likes of Rajitha Senaratne cannot and will not salvage the Blues. This isn't because of his own ambivalent background with regard to party loyalty. This is also because he and the rest of the Sirisena Faction are doing a despicably good job of trashing the UNP while batting for them. I was at the rally for the 20th Amendment. I heard chest-beating words. I saw the Greens being trashed. Rhetoric is cheap, though. Mr Senaratne should know this.
If party-loyalty figures in their opposition to Rajapaksa (whose loyalty to the SLFP is stronger than theirs) then what explains their silence over the UNP's questionable handling of the economy, media freedom (and neutrality), and good governance? Are they so worried about Rajapaksa's return that they prefer the Greens to anything else, including their own party? If that is so, why are they in the SLFP in the first place?
Not for nothing was Maithripala Sirisena's campaign called a "Rainbow Coalition". He owes the Greens for where he is now. One can conclude that his base among SLFPers has increased, particularly among those who (like their counterparts rooting for the UNP) would vote for anyone who leads their party (I'd like to call them kepuwath nil). Again, that's speculation. Leading a party is one thing. Kowtowing to the enemy is another thing. No one, not even those who "bleed blue", likes that if they support the SLFP.
Both Sirisena and Rajapaksa have shown loyalty to the SLFP. Both count in more than four decades of sustained allegiance to it. Currently however, those whom Sirisena placed as its top brass on February 14 (including S. B. Nawinne, who – surprise, surprise! – defected last week) have ambivalent records when it comes to such allegiance. Does the president really expect us to think that his faction, if given a choice between staying with his predecessor and going green, wouldn't choose the latter option?
Let me make one point clear. To claim that the former president isn't loyal to the party while going dumb over the ruling party's policies is duplicitous. In the present context, it would pay to come out of the closet. It would pay to declare fidelity (or absence thereof) to the SLFP.
Politics isn't about honesty. But it pays. Here's why. The likes of Senaratne were voted in by SLFPers. Big disappointment if they keep one foot blue and the other green while bemoaning Rajapaksa's concern for his party's (detrimental) alliance with the UNP. If they continue this way, we can conclude: "Morally bankrupt!"
He needs to come out, hence. So should the rest of his faction. That'll save face. Easily.

Note: By the time this article was published, Rajitha Senaratne had in effect "defected", along with M. K. D. S. Gunawardena, Hirunika Premachandra, and (surprise, surprise!) Patali Champika Ranawaka. That did not save face though. He defected to the UNP, a story we've heard before, isn't it?

Open Letter to all Political Parties – Key Pledges to Be Included in Manifestos

Sri Lanka Brief
13/07/2015
We the undersigned Sri Lankan civil society activists and organizations, wish to bring to your attention human rights issues of pivotal importance to reconciliation, unity, peace and prosperity in our country, which we strongly believe should be included in your party manifestos for the forthcoming General Election.

Reconciliation To Play A Key Role At Polls

  • Maithri-Ranil government addressed some issues, but more to be done…
By Easwaran Rutnam-Monday, July 13, 2015

Tamils used their ballot on January 8 to punish Mahinda Rajapaksa
As the Government closes shop and prepares to face what is likely to be a hard fought battle at the Parliament election, the Tamils in the North will be looking back at the past six months to see what President Maithripala Sirisena and Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe have done for them before deciding on their vote on August 17.
The Sirisena-Wickremesinghe coalition Government had promised to improve the lives of the people who had suffered in the North during a 30-year-war and even later. Reconciliation was the key word used at the election campaign ahead of the January 8th Presidential election in the attempt to gather the support of the Tamils in the North who have often rejected Colombo based Sinhalese politicians and simply voted for the Tamil National Alliance.

Who really controls the UPFA nominations?

The Sunday Times Sri Lanka
The looming nomination deadline on July 13 has drawn attention to the power struggle within the UPFA coalition. On reading the UPFA constitution, I will show that President Sirisena’s power to singularly drive nominations is limited and that his control rests on his ability to negotiate with the executive committee of the UPFA.
The UPFA coalition won the 2010 general election, accounting for 144 of the 225 MPs in parliament. The SLFP was overwhelmingly the dominant force within the UPFA (fig.1) – with 123 MPs. The remaining 21 MPs belonged to 11 parties.
Given the concentration of SLFP seats, coupled with President Sirisena being the chairman of the SLFP and leader of the UPFA, many have assumed that the President has the discretion to drive UPFA nominations. In light of this, the prospect of former President Mahinda Rajapaksa and his close supporters being nominated as UPFA candidates has led to admonition amongst those who aided President Sirisena in coming to power in January 2015.
The UPFA Executive Committee
This simplification of the power balance ignores the UPFA constitution, which stipulates the process for nomination. Contrary to popular belief, the parliamentary nomination process is neither controlled by the leader (President Sirisena) or the General Secretary (Susil Premajayantha) of the UPFA. Nominations are determined by the majority decision of the UPFA executive committee.
The executive committee comprises 72 members (fig.2), of which the SLFP must nominate between 37 and 49 members.
The UPFA constitution – with its prescription of 72 members (exactly half of 144) reflects the status quo that existed after the 2010 general election. It is structured to facilitate SLFP control of the UPFA. It, however, assumes SLFP unity. When the party leader and the SLFP members of the executive committee are at cross-purposes, the latter committee’s power to nominate candidates becomes amplified.
The list of the UPFA executive committee is not in the public domain. The committee members are also under no obligation to follow the diktats of UPFA leader President Sirisena — which can be heralded as a democratic feature of the coalition. Furthermore, the mooted withdrawal of the SLFP from the UPFA, which requires a decision of the SLFP central committee and the communication of such withdrawal by SLFP General Secretary Anura Priyadarshana Yapa, could also face similar hurdles through failures to garner party support.
Wresting control through negotiation
When combining all these factors with the short time frame within which President Sirisena has to act, his options are few – despite many still waiting on his word. The only way for him to control UPFA nominations will require him to garner the support of at least 37 members of the executive committee. This support will require President Sirisena to demonstrate an ability to negotiate at the 11th hour, far exceeding that required of him to date.
Is President Sirisena demonstrating his pledge to refrain from being an all-powerful executive president? Or is this tense situation a result of his failure to galvanise power early on within the UPFA executive committee? Share your thoughts and questions at www. manthri.lk/en/blog; over Twitter @manthrilk, or by text to the manthri.lk hotline: 071-4639882.
Asoka Obeyesekere
Governance Consultant
Verité Research