Peace for the World

Peace for the World
First democratic leader of Justice the Godfather of the Sri Lankan Tamil Struggle: Honourable Samuel James Veluppillai Chelvanayakam

Monday, July 28, 2014

FREE MEDIA FOR TRUTH TO PREVAIL ESPECIALLY IN NORTH--JEHAN PERERA

Photo28 July 2014
The disruption of two media training programmes for Tamil journalists from the former war zones of the North in quick order makes it appear that they have become a target for suppression. In the space of less than six weeks there have been at least two attempts to prevent Tamil journalists from interacting with the larger civil society, to share their experiences and to benefit from the latest advances in methods of news investigation and dissemination. In this context the spokesman for the Free Media Movement has said, “A journalist needs to be trained so that they can do more for society. The government is stopping that from happening. What they want are journalists who will be their puppets.” He added that he had been threatened not to speak at the press conference convened to publicise the issue.

U.S. Embassy Concerns on Media Freedom in Sri Lanka

U.S. Embassy ColomboJuly 28, 2014
The United States is deeply concerned by the circumstances surrounding the cancellation of a journalism training session in Colombo over the weekend. The eventual cancellation of this training, which was focused on digital security for Jaffna-based journalists and financially supported by the U.S. government, was accompanied by a series of threats and intimidation of training participants and other journalists around the country, including threats against at least one journalist who made a statement criticizing the government over the cancellation.  This marks the third training session to be canceled in Sri Lanka since May, including others that were disrupted by well-organized protestors threatening harm to the training participants. Even when present, the police have not provided security for threatened journalists or taken action against the groups making the threats. 
Separately, we are also gravely concerned about threats and intimidation by security forces against journalists covering the July 25 Jaffna court proceedings related to an 11-year-old victim of sexual abuse, allegedly at the hands of  Sri Lankan Navy personnel from the Karainagar Naval Base.   
These events continue a troubling pattern of impunity for those who interfere with both freedom of speech and freedom of assembly in Sri Lanka.  We have raised our concerns with the Government of Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan Embassy in Washington, and strongly urged the Government to take immediate steps to ensure the protection of fundamental rights for journalists and for all Sri Lankans.
Police summons 7 Tamil journalists who protested against military for questioning

28 July 2014
Journalists who protested against military intimidation have been called for questioning  tomorrow by the Omanthai police, reports a journalist at Yarl Thinakkural, a Jaffna based newspaper. 

The journalist, Monday morning, tweeted that 7 journalists who protested against the military had been called in for police questioning. 

இராணுவத்திற்கு எதிராக முறைப்பாடு செய்த யாழ்.ஊடகவியலாளர்கள் 7 பேரையும் நாளை விசாரணைக்கு வருமாறு ஓமந்தை பொலிஸார் அழைப்பு.

The latest round of arrests comes as Sri Lankan forces Friday, detained and interrogated 11 Tamil journalists traveling from Jaffna to Colombo for a press workshop. 

Military stop Tamil journalists travelling to press workshop, driver detained (26 July 2014)
Leaders of opposition uniting makes MaRa boil over: MaRa takes opposition's main slogan: Entrusts ex CJ with crafty amendment

Gota’s men spy on MaRa
(Lanka-e-News-28.July.2014, 7.30PM) Medamulana Mahinda Rajapakse who has gone raving mad (not that he is not already) after learning of the joint united rally of all opposition parties with the participation of leaders of three constituent parties of the government itself held at the New Town hall last Thursday (24), and attended by mammoth crowds .In his delirious state Mahinda had taken under his control the central theme of the opposition parties - the abolition of the Executive Presidency, according to reports reaching Lanka e news inside information division.

When the news spread to Temple Trees that Ranil, Chandrika, Fonseka , Sambandan, JVP , JHU and Shiranee have united on that day , Mahinda Rajapakse had violently screamed in unalloyed filthy language (the hooligan conduct for which he is most notorious). ‘I am finished. All of you are waiting to spy for Gota against me , but not to inform me of what is going on around in the country,’ he had yelled out at the State intelligence service.

Owing to the unbridled tongue of Mahinda , the secret that Gota had deployed people to spy on Mahinda slipped out; and that Mahinda is aware of it. 

No one of the Rajapakse regime knew ahead that such a massive crowd was going to attend the opposition rally. Mahinda’s advice to the media after he got the jitters was, only publish photographs of the meeting , and nothing else relating to the speeches, discussions and conclusions reached at the rally.

Having come to know the opposition and the minority parties of the government had reached some degree of consensus towards the abolition of the Executive presidency , he had nervously planned to take this issue under his control , and decided to prepare a draft of a new constitution.

In other words, Mahinda who is an expert at sordid ploys and plots is now seeking to give the impression to the public that he is initiating the executive Presidency abolition, and not the opposition.

In connection with this ploy, Medamulana Mahinda Rajapakse has had discussions with former chief justice Sarath N. Silva for three long days, and entrusted the task to prepare the necessary draft to Silva. The drafts of Ven. Sobitha Thero and Ven. Rathane Thero had also been got down to be read , but whether they were in fact read is doubtful. 

No matter what , Sarath Silva is burning the midnight oil and toiling hard these days to prepare the draft to suit Rajapakse .

According to the preliminary draft based on the crafty motto, ‘in triumph or defeat , we are the winners,’ the duplicity ridden amendment , according to information reaching Lanka e news inside information division is as follows :

The name ‘Executive Presidency’ is to be amended to Executive Prime Minister and some of the executive powers are to be curtailed.

To give effect to the 17 th amendment which is the main demand of the opposition; and the independent commissions which were abolished by the 18th amendment are not to be revived.

In any case the deceit an d duplicity encapsulated in this Rajapakse -Sarath diabolic plan is : it is to be tabled in Parliament before elections, and passed. This enactment however will become effective only after the President signs the gazette notification thereof. If Rajapakse loses, he is to sign this gazette notification so that the new President will be tied down by the amendment . On the other hand , if Rajapakse wins the election, the ploy to be adopted is, hold back the signing of the gazette notification , whereby he can continue with his same old tricks and treacheries abusing the powers of the same old executive Presidency unaltered .

Meanwhile , the date for the Presidential elections is being decided based on astrological calculations for the first week end or the early part of second week of January 2015 after the Uva provincial elections so that the opposition will be made available only minimum time in that connection. Under the law , the minimum period granted for nominations should be two weeks , and one month for the elections . Accordingly , it has been decided to announce the Presidential elections on the 18 th of November – the birthday of Mahinda Rajapakse.

Since the upcoming Presidential elections is going to be a hotly contested election , it has been decided that the elections should be held in an atmosphere that would create an artificial and unscrupulous advantage in favor of Mahinda Rajapakse . To achieve this end , the present IGP Ilangakoon is to be made to tender his resignation as though voluntarily , and replace him with Anura Senanayake the notorious lickspittle and shameless lackey of the regime. Although most media reported that Anura Senanayake was given an extension of six months in service recently, it is learnt that the extension is for a year. In that event, Anura Senanayake will be in service additionally for three years while the present IGP will have to go on retirement two years ahead.

The Term ‘Islamic Extremism In Sri Lanka’ Is An Impact Of Information Technology


Colombo Telegraph
By M A C M Jawahir -July 28, 2014 
M A C M Jawahir
M A C M Jawahir
Islam always gives preference to knowledge. It guides human through its principles based on knowledge.
Muslim
To justify their ‘finding’ or to elaborate on their term ‘Islamic extremism’, they mostly talk about the increase of Muslim women wearing ‘Nikab’ or Hijab; implementation of Halal certification system, increase of mosques in certain areas of the country, changing appearance of Muslim males and the increasing enthusiasm among Muslims to practice Islam.
 The content of the holy Quran consists of knowledge on world’s vital fields like Science, Medicine, and law and so on. For a human who approaches Quran seeking knowledge, it’s a wonderful source of knowledge. Guiding people with changes of time, and giving perfect solutions to problems faced by human at any point throughout the time-line, from the past into the future, is the uniqueness of Quran, the word of almighty Allah. This special feature of the book of Allah, which is not seen in any other religion, is much-admired even by non – Muslim scholars.
We have witnessed in the recent past that the hate campaigns and violence unfolded against Muslims in Sri Lanka have gradually grown, and at the current context, they have taken an atrocious shape to the extent of destroying their houses, businesses, properties and even killing them. A group of extremist Buddhist monks and politicians, with a definite agenda to shatter the Muslim community in Sri Lanka, brand them as ‘Muslim Extremist elements’. They say the Muslim extremists are a threat to the Sinhala community.

Gaza Crisis & Israel Arrogance Will Boomerang Sooner Than Later In US


| by Pearl Thevanayagam
(July 28, 2014 Bradford UK, Sri Lanka Guardian) Bradford City Council raised the Palestinian flag and allowed commemoration by Bradford citizens in support of the dead and suffering Palestinians in Gaza. Muslims in Bradford belong to their third generation and they live peacefully with the Yorkshire folk. In fact their accent is more Yorkshire than Pakistani. It is a relatively clean city and even has a free bus round the metropolis and anyone can take a free ride. Also cost of living and rent and house prices are abysmally cheap compared to London.
Moving to Bradford on the spur of the moment after 13 years of stress and high rent in London, this writer feels she made a wise decision. The city is replete with mosques, churches, a large Sikh Temple, BBC museum, National Media Gallery, theatres, a modern public library which regularly have authors reading and discussing their books and ancient buildings dating back to centuries.

The entrance to my apartment is cobbled stones reminiscent of Thomas Hardy, Bronte Sisters and Lowry paintings which depict the good old England as I remember from the books and picture post cards during my school days. My apartment has walls built of Yorkshire stones and solid oak beams and the block was built in 1883.

It is a fallacy and myth perpetuated by the US and Israel that Muslims cannot co-exist with the West. The only notable thing about Bradford is I have yet to meet a Sri Lankan or an Indian Gujarati unlike in London where they are present in vast numbers although there are Punjabi Hindus and Sikhs.

There are also several soup kitchens which feed the homeless with hot meals, offer them a shower and a roof over their heads for a night or two. These are run by the council, churches and mosques in concurrence. Bradford is an excellent model for racial harmony in the UK with the Metropolitan Council itself supporting all its citizens irrespective of their race, religion or culture.

On the other hand there are paranoid Western elements who cry foul every time there is uprising of Muslim militancy without delving into their legitimate grievances.

The WTC (World Trade Center) was bombed in February 1993 after Bill Clinton was inaugurated as President of the US On January 18, 1993. As this writer was visiting New York on a journalism fellowship program there was a huge crater at the WTC basement supposedly by a bomb planted by Muslim militants (there was no mention of Al Qaeda then but Taliban, the burgeoning fundamentalist Islamic radical group)) and this was just a trial run.

It would take another eight years for Osama Bin Laden who was nurtured by the CIA not unlike it did with Saddam Hussein to wreak vengeance for war crimes the US committed in Afghanistan, Iraq, much across the Middle East, Africa, Palestine and Yugoslavia pitting one province against another so that these countries were torn apart and the lives of innocent civilians sacrificed for the West’s avarice and the need to stomp their feet on those nations they felt they could dictate to and plunder them of their oil and natural resources.

US and UK media shed copious tears over the deaths of US citizens in 9/11 twin towers bombing but their hearts did not melt at the plight of Palestinians who are being systematically decimated by Israel which is largely provided with arms and ammunition by the US and UK governments.

It was an eye-opener the West cannot continue its foreign policy of isolating Muslims as terrorists and sending billions of dollars for defence spending in Israel as it has done for decades. Israel claims the Hamas are penetrating Israel through underground tunnels and carrying out attacks and the US has provided Israel with a lavish and expensive rocket launcher deterrent dome running into millions of dollars.

The Laurel and Hardy policy of the US is running out of steam as its citizens are feeling the pinch economically while the congress spends billions of dollars interfering and intervening in the Middle East, Afghanistan and Africa where they have vested interests. Americans do not even have free medical care and the homelessness, unemployment, gun violence, drug addiction in inner cities are contrary to popular myth it is the world’s super power. America is in debt to the rest of the world and the gap between the haves and have-nots is widening at an alarming rate.

American bullying and Islamaphobia bashing would reverberate at its doorstep sooner than later if it carries on its anti-Muslim policies.

A TRIUMPH OF HOPE OVER EXPERIENCE? A PRELIMINARY COMMENT ON THE NMSJ’S ROAD MAP






GroundviewsThere was a remarkable image in the news recently. It was from the meeting of the Ven. Maduluwawe Sobhitha Thera’s National Movement for Social Justice (NMSJ) at which a ‘road map’ for the abolition of the executive presidency was launched on 24th July 2014. Seated on the front row were Ranil Wickramasinghe, Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga, Rajavarothayam Sampanthan, Sarath Fonseka, Shirani Bandaranayake and Sunil Handunetti. To the extent these individuals represent the spectrum of Sri Lankan political opinion, then the proposition that the executive presidency should be abolished should, notionally, garner a very comfortable majority in the next presidential election. There is of course many a slip twixt cup and lip, but perhaps this is the first glimmer of hope in sometime that the Mongol hordes of the Rajapaksa regime that are laying waste to our democratic inheritance might finally be stopped.
A Triumph of Hope Over Experience a Preliminary Comment on the Nmsj’s Road Map by Maria Anderson

‘People Will Decide’ – Suresh Premachandran 


Monday, July 28, 2014
The Sunday LeaderDespite the fact that President Mahinda Rajapaksa has broadened the scope of the Presidential Commission on missing persons, the Tamil National Alliance shows no faith in the government that they carry out proper investigations. Referring to previous Udalagama Commission, the TNA pointed out, that it is a glaring example that appointment of international experts would not make any difference if they are not allowed to act independently.
TNA MP Suresh Premachandran toldThe Sunday Leader that they question the government why they waited all this long till the UN launched its investigation on Sri Lanka, to expand the mandate of the commission and to appoint international experts.
Excerpts of the interview:
By Waruni Karunarathne
Q: The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has announced that it is going to conduct its investigation from New York, Geneva and Bangkok. Do you think India would be a better option?
A: India certainly would be a better option. If India agrees to let the investigations to be carried out from India that would be good. But if India disagrees the UN has to carry out the investigations from Bangkok and other places.
Q: Is the TNA open to work with the Presidential Commission for Missing Persons by sharing information related to the war, especially since three international experts are being appointed? 
A: The TNA is yet to discuss the new mandate of the Presidential Commission on Missing Persons. The Commission was appointed earlier to investigate into missing persons but now the scope of the commission is being enlarged. The question is why the government took all this time to do that.
Previously under several occasions the government appointed commissions and international experts to overlook investigations but none was implemented successfully.
With regard to Udalagama Commission, the government did not let the experts to overlook the investigations and act independently. We have previous examples why we cannot rely on the government. We do not know exactly what is going to happen to this Commission. Therefore we will need to discuss its new mandate.
Q: Will the TNA facilitate Tamils to give evidence before the Presidential Commission or the UN led Commission?
A: We are already encouraging Tamil people to give evidence before the UN led Commission. Last few months we have been working on that. The Presidential Commission’s mandate expanded only recently.
The problem is not with encouraging people to give evidence but with protection for the witnesses. It is the government who has to encourage people to give evidence by assuring protection for witnesses. The government needs to come out and say that people are free to give evidence before both commissions. Then, people will decide whether to give evidence before one of the commissions.
Since the government formed the Presidential Commission on Missing Persons and expanded its mandate it is their duty to encourage people to give evidence and provide protection to those who come forwards to give evidence.
Q:   Does the TNA feel that the Tamils will get closure of the scars of the war simply by UN conducting investigations?
A: We believe that based on the investigation they will produce a report which will lead to a proper settlement and put an end to the issue. We hope that the report will lead to a political settlement.
Q: Some Indian political parties are putting pressure on the Indian government that they should initiate a resolution at UN on Sri Lankan Tamil issue. Do you think there is a necessity for India to initiate such resolution?
A: There is lot of pressure from Tamil Nadu. If the India is willing to come out and do something about the Sri Lankan Tamil issue we will be very happy. However, the Indian government refrained from voting for the resolution at the UN.
There is no point thinking of India to initiate anything right now. In the near future we do not expect them to pass a resolution. The UN has already passed a resolution on Sri Lanka and the UN led investigation is already launched.

Appoint Persons Of High Integrity To Company Law Reform Advisory Commission: Jayaratne

Colombo Telegraph
July 28, 2014
Good governance activist Chandra Jayaratne has requested the Ministry of Finance and Planning to ensure the 2015 budget is formulated in the national interest and encourages new development activities and investment promoting growth, prosperity and livelihoods.
Chandra Jayaratne
Chandra Jayaratne
In a letter to the Ministry of Finance and Planning Secretary, Mr. Jayaratne has noted that it is important that persons of high integrity and independence, who possess the required expertise and proven track record of achievements in the relevant fields are appointed to the Company Law Reform Advisory Commission, that is due to be established with a mandate to recommend reforms required to the Companies Act and associated and ancillary legislative enactments and connected regulations.
He has written that in order to ensure effective and best practices, the Commission members should plan and complete the Commission tasks within a period of 18 months since their appointment.
“They should publish an interim white paper within 12 months so that it allows room for a further three months for public review, debate and submit the final recommendations with the publication of a report within three months thereafter,” Mr. Jayaratne has written further.
Furthermore, in his letter he has noted the importance of declaring and establishing that those appointed to the advisory Commission are ‘fit and proper persons’ with no conflicting interests in the performance of their assignment roles.Read More

Implement PSC Proposals To Reduce Cabinet Size And Alter Electoral Process: Liberals


Colombo TelegraphJuly 28, 2014 
The Liberal Party of Sri Lanka has called upon the government to implement certain proposals made at the Parliamentary Select Committee on the National Question, including the reduction of the size of the Cabinet and changing the electoral process, without further delay.
Vasantha Senanayake MP
Vasantha Senanayake MP
These sentiments were expressed by the General Secretary of the Liberal Party Kamal Nissanka in a media statement that commended the proposals made by MP Vasantha Senanayake to the PSC on the National Question.
“There is a need to develop stronger traditions of both legislative and executive responsibility and it will be served by such changes. Moreover, it will immeasurably strengthen any Executive President who desires to govern efficiently and effectively,” the Liberal Party statement reads.
While endorsing the proposals made by MP Senanayake based on his consultations with the youth and discussions with the diaspora through the Young Political Leaders Form (YPLF), Nissanka in the statement has noted that it is time to consolidate the idea to promote consensus.
They have requested all political parties to study the proposals and provide feedback on them to MP Senanayake so that they can can be fine tuned if necessary so that an agreement can be reached upon at least a on a few matters discussed pertaining to the national question.
Meanwhile, expressing disappointment over the absence of an interim report despite holding sittings for several months, they have urged the PSC on the National Question to issue an interim report inclusive of recommendations on areas that are not prone to controversy including;
  • the establishment of a Second Chamber of Parliament based on provinces
  • strengthening of local government institutions and consultation process

Full implementation of 13 - A


A response to Neville Ladduwahetty


article_image
President J.RJayewardene and Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi signing the Indo-Lankla agreement

by Dr. K. Vigneswaran-

The Island of Monday, 9 June 2014 published a Commentary by Mr. Neville Ladduwahetty on India’s call to the Sri Lankan Government for ‘Full Implementation’ of the 13th Amendment. This article is in response to that Commentary.

OPPOSITION TRENDS IN THE ELECTION SEASON

GroundviewsIf the Rajapaksa administration wanted to mislead and confuse the mainstream opposition and lead it to an electoral dead-end, it could hardly do better than the opposition has itself done, and done unto itself. The main Opposition candidate remains Ranil Wickremesinghe who has no rural resonance. As Mervyn de Silva wrote, “the road to Temple Trees runs through the paddy fields”. Meanwhile there is the project of a common opposition candidate on the single issue platform of abolishing the executive presidency. A common opposition candidate is a good idea, but the abolitionof the executive presidency –as opposed to its structural reform through the reintroduction of the 17th amendment– as the single issue platform, is bound to collapse under the common candidate the moment the campaign moves to the rural areas where the majority of voters (who are Sinhala Buddhist) live. It is revealing that the only UNP front liner who has any resonance among such voters was not in the front row of the recent Opposition in-gathering at New Town Hall.

End Familiocracy starting from Uva - Karu


karu jayasuriya"The core of the country has been contaminated by a viral flu and that viral flu is corruption, it is nepotism, it is Familiocracy and it is racial and religious bigotry," the UNP says.In a statement, Chairman of  the UNP Leadership Council - Karu Jayasuriya urges public to 'to open their eyes and see' and start putting an end to this, starting from the Uva provincial council polls.

"Twenty years’ scourge needs to be eradicated and it should be done now, not next year or year after, let’s show that the people of this country are sick and tired of this corrupt and incompetent Familiocracy, that we are distressed and despaired that unless and until this unbelievably fraudulent administration that is prowling in the dark for the most minute lack of attention by the people so that they can raise prices of essential commodities via gazette notification," the statement says.
"So get ready to teach these liars a lesson. Let’s start from Uva,"it adds.
The complete statement is as follows :
Statement issued by Hon. Karu Jayasuriya, Chairman of  the
Leadership Council, UNP
Let’s start from Uva
Yet  another election is looming ahead. The Uva Provincial Council has been dissolved and nominations for the forthcoming elections have been announced. Twenty years’ scourge needs to be eradicated and it should be done now, not next year or year after, let’s show that the people of this country are sick and tired of this corrupt and incompetent Familiocracy, that we are distressed and despaired that unless and until this unbelievably fraudulent administration that is prowling in the dark for the most minute lack of attention by the people so that they can raise prices of essential commodities via gazette notification.
These Sri Lankan ‘Neros’ are fiddling while the country is burning. The poor are despaired; they simply don’t know where to look for help. There is no more land settlement for the landless; there is no more bread for the unemployed; and there is no more peace for the war-weary soldiers. The ruling cabal, the Rajapaksas have eaten this country up, left, right and center. The core of the country has been contaminated by a viral flu and that viral flu is corruption, it is nepotism, it is Familiocracy and it is racial and religious bigotry.
It is against this harsh and forbidding background that elections for the Uva Province are being held. Once again these rulers will resort to double-speaking; they will engineer falsifying of truth and making gods out of mere frauds and commission-takers. But the people are now beginning to realize that there is something more than the eye could meet. It will be proven in the Uva elections. That is why we are appealing to all reasonable men and women in the Uva province in particular and the country in general, to open their eyes and see. Refuse to listen to their lies, refuse to be swayed by their false propaganda.
It was not the Rajapaksas who won the war, it was the soldiers, their commanders who fought on the battlefield and defeated the enemy. The war-victory belongs to everyone in armed forces, not to a select few.
So get ready to teach these liars a lesson. Let’s start from Uva.

Pak. official recruited Sri Lankan Tamils for recce

Return to frontpage

SUHASINI HAIDAR-July 28, 2014

U.S. and Israeli consulates in Chennai and Bangalore were the targets

The National Investigation Agency (NIA) has prepared a dossier to be handed over to Sri Lankan officials with details of an official in the Pakistan High Commission in Colombo, suspected of being involved in a terror plot to target U.S. and Israeli consulates in Chennai and Bangalore, sources confirmed to The Hindu.
According to the dossier, prepared under the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty signed between India and Sri Lanka in 2010, the officials will be given details of a consular officer named Amir Zubair Siddiqui. News agency PTI, which first reported the story, said it received no reply from the Pakistan High Commission in Sri Lanka on its queries regarding the report.
The operation of Pakistan High Commission official Amir Zubair Siddiqui, on whom the NIA prepared a dossier, allegedly involved a network of Sri Lankan Tamils recruited for the plot to target U.S. and Israeli consulates in Chennai and Bangalore. The recruits had conducted reconnaissance operations on the consulates, sources told The Hindu.
The plot was discovered, say officials, when police in Tamil Nadu arrested a Sri Lankan national last month, who said he had taken photos and other details during his reconnaissance mission and sent them to the suspected official in Colombo.
Sources also confirmed that the information received from the investigation so far had been shared with officials in the U.S. and Israeli missions in India, but did not, however, have details of any action taken by them. The NIA dossier will be dealt with through diplomatic channels in Colombo, and it remains to be seen how the government of Sri Lanka will act on the dossier. However, PTI quoted Press attache Muhammad Daud Ehtesham as saying Pakistan and its state institutions were responsible entities and did not indulge in such activities.

Video: JVP Leader injured in accident transferred to Colombo National Hospital

MONDAY, 28 JULY 2014 
lankaturth(Second edition) the Leader of the JVP Anura Dissanayaka was injured when the vehicle he was travelling collided with a tipper transporting sand at Holipitiya on the Horana Ratnapura road today morning.
Mr. Dissanayaka who was admitted to Ratnapura Hospital was later admitted to Accident Ward in National Hospital for further observation.