Peace for the World

Peace for the World
First democratic leader of Justice the Godfather of the Sri Lankan Tamil Struggle: Honourable Samuel James Veluppillai Chelvanayakam

Sunday, July 27, 2014

India’s Media — Missing the Data Journalism Revolution?

priya rajsekar profileThe Mumbai-based IndiaSpend, India's first nonprofit data journalism center.How can media make sense of a country that has over 1.2 billion people (about 17 percent of the global population), close to 800 languages, an electorate of 814 million, and the largest urban agglomeration in the world?
How does one plan for a country where, at the end of 2012, about 22 per cent of the population lived below the poverty line (with a daily spending of less than about US45 cents in rural India and US55 cents in urban India), but which also has 89 billionaires and features fifth in the Global Rich List? The country's latest Census in 2011 was taken with the help of 2.3 million enumerators travelling to more than 630,000 villages and more than 5000 cities. Census officials counted the thousands of homeless scouring footpaths and railway stations, while managing to include even the lone surviving Pakistani terrorist behind the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. Continue Reading →  

Crisis-riddled Govt. goes into denial mode


Opposition parties close ranks on abolition of executive presidency; common candidate on the agenda - JHU, NFF up in arms over domestic war crimes probe, but UPFA leaders silent on Rajapaksa proclamation - Ranil accuses GL of misleading Parliament and the people on Chinese run aircraft repair facility
The UPFA Government seems to be in a state of denial. The latest addition to that syndrome came from External Affairs Minister G.L. Peiris.
He was asked in Parliament last Tuesday by Opposition Leader Ranil Wickremesinghe for his response to a reference in the Sunday Times (Political Commentary) of July 6 that the Government has allowed the state owned China National Aero Technology Import-Export Corporation (CATIC) to set up an Aircraft Base Maintenance Centre (ABMC) in Trincomalee. He replied: “The Opposition Leader has stated a wrong fact. He stated that a decision has been taken to set up this project in Trincomalee. No such decision has been taken to permit the establishment of an Aircraft Base Maintenance Centre in Trincomalee….”

Posted Date : 16:32 (27/07/2014)
65 ஆண்டுகளுக்கும் மேலாக ஈழத்தமிழர்கள் மீது நடத்தப்படும் இன அழிப்பின் தொடர்ச்சியாக ஈழத்தமிழர்களுக்கு ஒரு அரசு இல்லையேல், தமிழனுக்கு எதும் இல்லை என்ற நிலை இலங்கை தீவில் உருவாகிவிட்டது.

ஈழத்தமிழர்கள் பிரச்னையை தனி மனித உரிமை பிரச்னையாகவும், மனிதவுரிமை பிரச்னையாகவும் சுருக்கிவிடும் முயற்சியில் முள்ளிவாய்க்கால் இன அழிப்பு நடந்து 5 ஆண்டுகள் கடந்தும் சர்வதேசம் பயணிக்கின்றது.

ஈழத்தமிழர்களின் பாதுகாப்பை உறுதிப்படுத்துவத்துக்கு வெறுமனே புனர்வாழ்வும், பொருளாதார அபிவிருத்தியையும் சிங்கள பேரினவாத அரசோ அல்லது சர்வதேச நாடுகளோ பேசிப் பயனல்ல, மாறாக ஈழத்தமிழர்கள் தமது அரசியல் அதிகாரத்தை தாமே நிர்ணயிக்கும் ஒரு தீர்வைப் பற்றியே சர்வதேசம் பேச வேண்டும் என்பதுக்கு அமைய தமிழீழத்தை அடையச் செல்லும் வழியில் ஒரு படியாக அதுக்கான வலுச்சேர்ப்பு நகர்வாக நட்பு நாடுகளை உருவாகும் பணியில் அனைத்துலக ஈழத்தமிழர் மக்கள் அவை கடந்த வருடங்களாக தனது அரசியில் நகர்வுகளை செய்து வருகின்றது.

அந்த வகையில் கடந்த நான்கு நாட்களாக மொரிசியஸ் நாட்டில் நடைபெற்ற சர்வதேச தமிழர் மாநாட்டில் கலந்து கொண்ட அனைத்துலக ஈழத்தமிழர் மக்கள் அவையின் செயலாளர் திருச்சோதி, மொரிசியஸ் நாட்டின் பிரதமர்,  அரசியல்வாதிகள் மற்றும் சர்வதேச அறிஞர்கள் முன்நிலையில் “ஈழத்தமிழர்கள் தேசிய இருப்பும், தேசிய ஒடுக்குமுறையும் “எனும் தலைப்பில் ஈழத்தமிழர்களுக்கு நடக்கும் இன அழிப்பை எடுத்துரைத்தது  அனைவரையும் கவர்ந்தது.

அத்தோடு மொரிசியஸ் நாட்டின் பிரதமரோடும், எதிர்க்கட்சித் தலைவரோடும் மற்றும் ஏனைய கட்சி தலைவர்கள், தமிழ் அமைப்புகளோடும் முக்கிய சந்திப்புக்களை மேற்கொண்டார்.

மொரிசியஸ் நாட்டில் தமிழ்க் கோயில் கூட்டமைப்பும் அனைத்துலக ஈழத்தமிழர் மக்கள் அவையும் இணைந்து செய்த முந்தைய மாநாட்டின் தொடர்ச்சியாலும், அரசியல் நகர்வாலும் சிறிலங்காவில் நடைபெற்ற பொதுநலவாய நாடுகளின் மாநாட்டை மொரிசியஸ் புறக்கணித்தது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.

The “Beautification” Of Urban And Rural Sri Lanka

BAn example of the figures on the hotel roof


BBy Emil van der Poorten -July 27, 2014
Emil van der Poorten
Emil van der Poorten
Colombo TelegraphEver since I’ve had the misfortune to observe the wholesale political and ethnic “cleansing,” in the name of “aesthetic re-arrangement,” of Sri Lanka’s capital city, I have had no desire to get closer than I absolutely had to such monstrous work.  And I really mean the word “monstrous.”
It was a while back that Time or Newsweek ran a cover story on Rumania and the “success” it allegedly was in contrast to the rest of the Eastern Bloc of the time.  It talked in glowing terms of the beautiful, clean lines of the new city of Bucharest among other “facts” that pointed to the country of Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife, Elena, as a beacon of freedom and democratic practice, where its citizens enjoyed a quality of life without equal in the countries behind the Iron Curtain of that day.
It was not long before the horror of Ceausescu’s “reforms” emerged and they hardly bear repetition here.  With some exceptions.
Yes, he had razed old Bucharest to the ground and replaced it with a brand, spanking-new city. To people who knew what the classic old city looked like, the new Stalinist monstrosity, “block concrete architecture” personified, was an unbelievable horror.  In addition, those who were “re-located” from their residences were put in state-owned apartments with no provision for their pets.  In a city where virtually everyone had pets, particularly dogs, one can well imagine what a huge problem tens of thousands of dogs suddenly cut loose with nowhere to live presented!  The orphans caged, literally, like animals and other horrors that the overthrow, street trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena brought to light are now history, but history with a lesson: take “evaluations” by “interested parties” of regimes responsible for such as “city cleansing” “under advisement”, as that old expression had it!                                              Read More

Lankan polity ‘twixst devil and deep blue


 sea’ "Over-determination" on the see-saw



article_image
Louis Althusser (1918-1990)
"Ideology has little to do with consciousness;it is profoundly unconscious."

Kumar David-July 26, 2014

Observe that I refer to Lankan polity not only the regime though it is obviously the centre forward player and principal actor. My objective today is to separate the critical conflicts in Lankan polity in this period into two separate categories, they are linked but not the same. My objective is to organise thinking about Lanka’s state and society into as simple terms as possible though you may be a little surprised when I begin with a decidedly odd sounding concept. Commonsense people find ‘over-determination’ a strange term, but it has come into wide use in political discourse, especially but not only on the left and is useful in an essay like this one.

Despite Mathata Thitha, more liquor licences issued in 2013

LiquorStoreSunday, 27 July 2014
The Government’s much hyped “mathata thitha” policy to discourage liquor consumption may be in place but that has not stopped the Excise Department from issuing 62 new liquor licences last year. This is seven more than the number of licences issued in 2012, according to details in the Administrative Report of Excise Commissioner General D.G.M. Vasantha Hapuarachchi. The 2013 report was presented to Parliament this week.
The report says the new liquor licences have been restricted only for the institutions approved by the Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority and that under the ‘present excise policy based on the policy frame of “Mahinda Chinthanaya”, the Excise Department takes necessary action to control the consumption of liquor and the use of cigarettes.
Between 2005 and 2013, since the Mahinda Chintanaya came into effect, nearly 500 new liquor licences have been issued.Meanwhile in 2013, the beginning of the second centenary of the Excise Department, Rs. 66,008 million had been collected as excise duties — an increase of 10% compared with 2012. Also in 2013, while the production of hard liquor showed a decrease of 11 per cent over the previous year, the soft liquor beer production had gone up by 21 per cent over 2012.


anura illangakoonThe president on July 25 decided to name senior DIG Anura Senanayake as the acting IGP in order to face challenges by opposition forces during the next presidential election, reports say.

Incumbent police chief N.K. Illangakoon can remain in the job until April 2016, but defence secretary Gotabhaya Rajapaksa has informed the president that he could not show results as expected from him.
The IGP is to be removed in a scenario in which former president Chandrika Kumaratunga has returned to politics. He was the DIG in charge of the presidential security division during her tenure. The defence secretary has surmised that the incumbent IGP will be more loyal to Mrs. Kumaratunga.
However, seniority in the police department means that N.K. Illangakoon should be succeeded by senior DIG Gamini Nawaratne. But, the president intends to appoint PSD chief, senior DIG M.S. Wickremasinghe to the position, although the defence secretary’s choice is Anura Senanayake.
The defence secretary has told the president that he could not guarantee the loyalty of the police if he is not appointed to the position.
Since the police commission is an encumbrance to the appointment of Anura Senanayake to the position, he has proposed that he should be appointed the acting IGP. Furthermore, in the event a more senior DIG files a petition in the Supreme Court challenging his appointment, the acting position will help prevent any legal challenge, the chief justice has advised. The president has commended the defence secretary on that account.
Anyhow, Anura Senanayake will be able to obtain a fourth service extension, as the third one he obtained on 07 July 2014 expires on 07 January 2015 and a presidential election is due to take place on a closer date. He has already set a record for being the oldest policeman in the history of Sri Lanka police, and will be able to further that record, a senior official of the department told us.
The decision to extend his service was taken at a meeting at the president’s house in Kandy on July 25 to discuss the opposition alliance formed through the seminar called by the National Movement for a Just Society.

India to inform Sri Lanka about terror cloud on Colombo


DNA logoSunday, 27 July 2014 
India will be informing Sri Lanka about an official working with the Pakistan High Commission in Colombo who was allegedly playing a key role in planning terror strikes at the behest of ISI on the US and Israeli consulates in the southern part of this country.
India to Inform Sri Lanka About Terror Cloud on Colombo by Maria Anderson

Relevance of Freedom of Association in 1992 and today: Ratawawi Peramuna and its players






GroundviewsNon Governmental Organizations (NGOs), are the popular punching bag of the Government of Sri Lanka (GOSL), when its actions are challenged by any individual and/or organization. Name-calling, brandishing circulars to warn NGOs and now a draconian law to prevent them from raising public issues has been the modus operandi of the regime to curb and crush dissent. The context of the sudden and heightened attack on NGOs is also relevant.

SRI LANKA AND MYANMAR: UNDERSTANDING RISE OF BUDDHIST RADICALISM – ANALYSIS

By Rajeshwari Krishnamurthy-
Monks protesting in Burma, photo by Racoles, Wikipedia CommonsOver the past three years, there has been an evident surge of Buddhist radicalism in Myanmar and Sri Lanka, with the clergy being increasingly involved in violence against minorities, especially Muslims. Both countries have sizeable Muslim populations, and while the situation in Myanmar is the worse of the two, Sri Lanka is not too far behind.

Which Buddha? Whose Buddhism?


| by Tisaranee Gunasekara
“…it was like a poisoned source which would continue to rot both people and things…”
Émile Zola (Truth)
( July 27, 2014, Colombo, Sri Lanka Guardian) King Dutugemunu fought his first war en famille, literally. According to Mahawamsa, he waged two succession-wars against his usurping younger brother, Tissa. It was after securing his throne that Dutugemunu began his series of wars against several ‘lesser’ kings and ultimately against King Elara.
Which Buddha Whose Buddhism by Maria Anderson

Govt. busted millions in lobbying 


BY SULOCHANA RAMIAH MOHAN
 July 27, 2014 
The Government has gone after several US based lobbying firms squandering over USD 100 million in order to defend its status in the global arena, especially the US.
It is said that the administration of President Mahinda Rajapaksa currently pays four US lobbying firms to defend the country and four are under contract or active accounts in the US.
 
The latest additions with the Foreign Agents Registration Act contracts in the US are the Madison Group and Beltway Government Strategies.
 
Besides these two firms Thompson Advisory Group LLC (TAG), whose contract ended on 15 March 2014 was paid Rs 100 million, approximately US$ 800,000, at the rate of US$ 66,600 per month for its services till March 2014. Another lobbying expense of
US$ 348,000 was paid out to Majority Group LLC in 2013 by Sri Lanka.
 
The Madison Group has undertaken the task of "assisting the Ministry of External Affairs with creating situation awareness of current affairs in Sri Lanka" and the payment subjected to this process is US$15,000 a month in fees for their services, plus expenses and bonuses for performance.
The contract with the Madison Group will last through June 2015 with the possibility of renewal, one of the agents who works for Madison Group quoted.

The registration with Beltway indicates its working with a government of a foreign country and the foreign principal is office of the Monitoring MP of the Ministry of External Affairs.
 
When queried Monitoring MP for the Ministry of External Affairs Sajin Vass told Ceylon Today, "Not only in the USA, the Ministry of External Affairs continues to engage with the international community in communicating with the current developments in Sri Lanka and addressing issues that are faced by us. This is our job, is there anything wrong in us performing our duties and obligations?, he countered.
 
He also said that the LTTE front organization is spending over US$ 2.5 million dollars per year only for one company to lobby on their behalf.
 
"You must also understand that USA works very differently to that of Sri Lanka and the rest of the world. The Executive, the Senate and the Congress are totally detached from each other. Opinions are made; policy is formulated based on the extent of lobbying that is done by interested parties on various issues. In their system Congress and Senate base their decision-making on this. I must admit that Sri Lanka has not been very successful in placing ourselves properly in this context. We cannot try to implement a method as we are used to here, instead we have to follow the practice in the USA. I don't see anything wrong in this. We need to get our message across. Our adversaries basically have caucuses every week on issues pertaining to Sri Lanka. Therefore, whilst we need to counter this we need to also get it across that there is another side of the story a legitimate one. Is there anything wrong in this?" he queried.
 
Whilst considering lobbying as a usual practice, the matter of concern is, where were such moneys obtained from and what outcome had the government enjoyed after paying Rs 100 million to TAG, the contract that ended on 15 March 2014.
The US Government has worked closely with clients, notable advocacy initiatives, keeping lobbyists at bay and hardly any payment involved.
 
The MP who admitted that he knows Imaad Zuberi, one of the close associates of US President Barak Obama, also admitted that he does not know how influential he is with the Obama administration.
Imaad Zuberi, is of Pakistan origin and is purportedly one of the close associates of Obama, he is an active fundraiser for the Obama administration and Sri Lanka have approached him to be a go between for the two governments to bring about the change in the US stand on Sri Lanka. Zubari is a partner of Beltway Government Strategies which is lobbying on behalf of Sri Lanka.

Poverty & Social Mobility


| by Kazi Anwarul Masud
( July 27, 2014, New Delhi, Sri Lanka Guardian) Craving for a better life is eternal. From the advent of the presence of humankind on earth in whatever form to the present humanity has always tried, through war and peace, to advance.
True that the genius of some people brought about the Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution and no less importantly the Reformation challenging the power of the Papacy and freeing human spirit from the shackles of religious restrictions to encourage human endeavor to an extent. Yet till today religion plays an important role in global society.

PM Modi’s Sixty Day Governance

| by N.S.Venkataraman
( July 27, 2014, Chennai, Sri Lanka Guardian) As Mr. Narendra Modi has completed his sixty days governance as Prime Minister, even his pledged admirers and those who voted for him with great enthusiasm and hopes, now keep their fingers crossed. While the confidence level in Mr. Modi’s commitment and capability are still high, an element of concern amongst the country men are conspicuous, which cannot be ignored.

'Extreme solar storm' could have pulled the plug on Earth


Satellites, power and water supplies would have been hit if billion-ton plasma cloud had erupted from sun a week earlier
A less threatening solar storm on the SunThe Guardian home
-Friday 25 July 2014

The date of 23 July 2012 could have been the day the lights went out, along with suddenly not-so-smart phones, computers, satellite transmissions, GPS navigation systems, televisions, radio broadcasts, hospital equipment, electric pumps and water supplies.
On that day an "extreme solar storm" did its best to end life on Earth as we know it. The sun forced out one of the biggest plasma clouds ever detected at a speed of 3,000km per second, more than four times faster than a typical solar eruption. Fortunately it missed.
"If it had hit, we would still be picking up the pieces," said Daniel Baker, of the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado. "I have come away from our recent studies more convinced than ever that Earth and its inhabitants were incredibly fortunate that the 2012 eruption happened when it did. If the eruption had occurred only one week earlier, Earth would have been in the line of fire."
With colleagues from Nasa and other universities, Baker has been studying the disaster that wasn't. If the coronal mass ejection (CME) had hit the Earth, it would have disabled "everything that plugs into a wall socket".
There would have been major disruption to all satellite communications and electrical fluctuations that could have blown out transformers in power grids. Most people wouldn't have been able to turn on a tap or flush a toilet because urban water supplies largely rely on electricity.
Nasa has calculated that the cost would have been 20 times the devastation caused by hurricane Katrina, at $2tn.
The storm would have begun with a solar flare, which itself can cause radio blackouts and GPS navigation failures. If the Earth had been in its path, this would have been followed minutes to hours later by the electrons and protons accelerated by the blast, followed by the CME, a billion-ton cloud of magnetized plasma.
There is a lavish amount of data on the storm for Baker and the other scientists to study because, although the plasma cloud missed the Earth, it hit a spacecraft loaded with monitoring equipment.
The solar storm was described as a "Carrington Event" after the solar storm witnessed by the English astronomer Richard Carrington in 1859. He saw the instigating flare, and in the following days a series of CMEs hit the Earth. Given it was the time of steam engines and horse-drawn traffic, this was less crippling than a similar strike would be now, but it did cause telegraph lines across the globe to spark enough to set fire to some telegraph offices. There were spectacular displays of the Northern Lights, seen as far south as Cuba and so bright in places that people could read newspapers outside in the middle of the night.
"In my view the July 2012 storm was in all respects at least as strong as the 1859 Carrington event," Baker said. "The only difference is, it missed."
In fact 2012 was a near miss year for the world: Nasa also put out a reassuring press release on 22 December 2012, beginning "if you're reading this story, it means the world didn't end on 21 December". It came complete with a video explaining "why the world didn't end yesterday".
The flare was a much more plausible reason for panicking than the December stories, which were based on a misunderstanding of the ancient Mayan calendars, said to have come to an end on 21 December 2012. This was widely interpreted as meaning that the Mayan astronomers had a bad feeling about the events of that day. It now appears they didn't, and the world staggered on.
François Hollande makes order after death of 118 people, including 54 French nationals, when plane crashed in Mali
Air Algerie flight AH5017 crashThe Guardian homeReuters in Dakar-Sunday 27 July 2014 
François Hollande has ordered that flags on government buildings across France fly at half-mast for three days from Monday after 118 people, including 54 French nationals, were killed when an Air Algérie flight crashed in Mali.
Hollande, who met with relatives of victims for three hours on Saturday afternoon, said that all the bodies would be flown to France and that he would make sure that families could, at some point, travel to the crash site to help them cope with grief.
"A headstone will be erected so that no one ever forgets that on this land, on this site, 118 people perished," Hollande said in a television address, his third on the air disaster in three days.
He confirmed that early indications were that poor weather was the most likely cause of the crash, but added he was not ruling out any other explanation. Two separate investigations were ongoing, he said.
The United Nations said on Saturday that its experts had located the second black box from flight AH5017, which crashed in Mali earlier this week.
French, Malian and Dutch soldiers from a UN peacekeeping force (Minusma) secured the crash site, about 50 miles south of the northern Malian town of Gossi, near the Burkina Faso border.
Initial evidence taken from the remote crash site indicated that the aircraft broke apart when it smashed to the ground early on Thursday morning, making an attack appear unlikely.
Malian authorities said they were opening an international inquiry into AH5017, which crashed less than an hour after it left the Burkinabé capital of Ouagadougou en route for Algiers. Aviation authorities lost contact with the plane at around 0155 GMT on Thursday, shortly after the pilot asked to change course due to a storm.

Ukraine fighting prevents crash site visit despite international deal

A woman takes a photograph of wreckage at the crash site of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 near the village of Hrabove (Grabovo), Donetsk region July 26, 2014.

A woman takes a photograph of wreckage at the crash site of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 near the village of Hrabove (Grabovo), Donetsk region July 26, 2014. REUTERS/Sergei Karpukhin
Reuters
BY ALEKSANDAR VASOVIC-Sun Jul 27, 2014
(Reuters) - Fighting around the site of the Malaysian airliner downed in Ukraine prevented a visit by international experts on Sunday, although Malaysia said separatists had agreed to allow in international police and investigators.

Bereaved families clash with police at Sewol tragedy remembrance event

South Koreans march during a rally 100 days after the ferry Sewol sunk in Seoul, South Korea. Pic: AP.
By  Jul 25, 2014
Asian CorrespondentSEOUL – Several people were injured, including two who were rushed to the hospital in ambulances, Thursday night as family members of the victims of the Sewol disaster and their supporters clashed with police during their march to demand legislation of a special law to determine the cause of the ferry sinking.
Some 600 family members of the victims began a two-day march Wednesday to travel over 40 kilometers to the center of Seoul to mark the 100th day since the tragedy on Thursday.
Starting in Ansan, near the high school where more than 250 students and teachers lost in the tragedy studied and worked, the families marched to Gwanghwamun Square in a public display to demand parliament to pass the Sewol bill that has been pending at the National assembly.
The marchers, however, were blocked by police before reaching their final destination.
By 7pm KST, thousands were gathered at the second to last stop: an event to mark the 100thday after the sinking called “Remember Your Tears”, with famous singers such as Kim Jang-hoon and Lee Seung-hwan in attendance.
It was reported that approximately 10-15,000, which included the family members, who arrived an hour later.
The event was a time of united mourning as families shared testimonies of their lost children and the crowd came together in song.
Following its conclusion, marchers began to slowly move to their planned destination. But by 10.30pm KST, police had already blocked off all sidewalks and accessible traveling routes to Gwanghwamun Square.
Still, the crowd pushed through.
Over the next 10 minutes rally participants and police locked bodies, attempting to push one another back with rain beginning to shower down. Finally, the District Police Chief Heo Chan allowed family members of the victims to go through – a promise that was made throughout the night.
Using the space authorities gave family members, some supporters also broke past the police line. Within the chaos, one woman who appeared to be in her mid-to-late forties collapsed, with several shouting for help.
Despite cries for help officers ignored the victims, opting to maintain the blockade they had established.
After 10 minutes paramedics arrived. Trapped by the police also, the ambulance pleaded through the intercom system saying, “The patient is in critical condition and must be rushed to the hospital.” Weaving through the large police trucks for several minutes, the ambulance barely escaped. Within another 10 minutes, another ambulance crew were treating a young girl for injuries.
Many children were  in the rally. Some were separated from their parents due to the pandemonium. Among the participants were three high school friends that were 19 years old; one who went by the surname Jeong.
“It’s shocking. This was a peaceful march. I don’t know what to say,” Jeong said. When asked if they knew this would happen, they all immediately shook their heads. “We came here to walk with the families but the police wouldn’t let us through. It was peaceful. We were singing songs, listening to poems about the victims.
“I’m scared. We’re all scared. But I think we should stay. I feel like we need to be here, united, for the families of the victims.”
When Asian Correspondent questioned police officers regarding the blockade, they all answered, “We’re not at liberty to respond,” until one finally said this rally was illegal because it was blocking traffic. To questions as to why the sidewalks were closed-off, he answered, “I cannot say because I didn’t see that. But the only reason for the blockade is because protesters aren’t allowing cars to drive.” The responding policeman refused to give his name but said he was apart of the Namdaemun District Police.
Law enforcement officers cut off nearly two kilometers of traffic, with guards posted at almost every corner within that radius. Bystanders waiting for buses complained about the police actions. “There are no protesters out there! Why are you blocking the roads?” one civilian asked. The officers replied that they did not know since they had just come up to Seoul today from the countryside.