Peace for the World

Peace for the World
First democratic leader of Justice the Godfather of the Sri Lankan Tamil Struggle: Honourable Samuel James Veluppillai Chelvanayakam

Sunday, October 20, 2013

  • Colossal losses of foreign exchange when importing fossil fuels
  • A metric ton of coal is forecasted to cost between US$ 170 and 250 in 2025
  • Are there secret deals between CEB and thermal IPPs to purchase costly power from them?
By Camelia Nathaniel-Sunday, October 20, 2013
By 2020, about 20 per cent of electricity supply is expected to be generated by renewable energy. For this purpose, sufficient investment will be made on development of renewable energy sector with wind, dendro, solar and mini hydro power plants.
The CEB is incurring a loss of around Rs. 72 million daily due to the closure of the Norochcholai Coal power station, which was originally scheduled to be closed for routine maintenance for just 21 days, but was later extended to 40 days on the advice of the Chinese engineers. The 300 MW first phase of the Norochcholai Power plant which commenced The Sunday Leaderoperations in 2011 was shut down on the 25th of August.











Inland revenue chiefs continue to swindle even after retirement!

inland revenue 1Many past commissioner generals of the Department of Inland Revenue who are now on retirement continue to provide revenue consultancy services to the companies that had patronized them during their tenures in the department, in a daylight swindling of the tax revenue owed to the state, say Inland Revenue Department sources.

One of them, on the verge of retirement, took oaths as a lawyer and now appears on behalf of private companies and against the Inland Revenue Department. It is former commissioner general Mahinda Medagoda who is acting thus in breach of the law of natural justice.

The incumbent commissioner generals being his juniors, the retired commissioner general gets them to provide tax relief to the companies which patronize him. He has done so during the tenure of former commissioner general Kandegedara, and is still at it, by using the present commissioner general Mallika Samarasekara.

The state has lost millions of rupees of tax revenue due to the improper, unethical conduct of Mahinda Medagoda and other former commissioner generals. Await a detailed special report on this soon…

Who Pays The Price Of Rs. 30 Billion Drug Ma fia? 

By Nirmala Kannangara-Sunday, October 20, 2013
The Iodine Treatment Unit of the Cancer Hospital Maharagama is not functioning due to non availability of the Iodine drug
The Sunday LeaderFailure to increase budgetary allocations for the country’s free health service is an indication that successive Sri Lankan governments have neglected the free health care service in the country. Secretary, All Ceylon Medical Officers’ Association Dr. Jayantha Bandara said that the continuous decline in budgetary allocation to the health sector over the years when globally it is the opposite, signifies that the government is pruning free health service in the country. According to Dr Bandara, the total expenditure on health as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 3.7 in year 2000 which has reduced to 3.5% by year 2010.

Norwegian poison factory 'Jiffy' terrorize Kobeygane villagers: local traitors supporting foreign terrorists revealed hereunder

(Lanka-e-News-20.Oct.2013, 6.00PM) Following the 
exposure by Lanka e news of the disaster caused by the Jiffy factory , Gurugodawatte which is even worse than the recent disaster that struck Rathupaswala ; and the revelations of how the innocent people are being ‘killed’ due to this factory’s toxic wastes , the murderous owners of the Jiffy factory who became panicky have along with the police started intimidating and threatening this innocent crowd that made the complaints ,according to reports reaching Lanka e news.

The people of the villages have made a number of complaints to the Kobayigane police against this most horrendous action of the factory which is releasing toxic waste water on the sly to the Deduru oya in the night. This is a most deadly and dangerous action whichis slowly but surely leading to the deaths of innocent people .

However , the most sad part of this devastation is the local police treating the complainants as the accused , and vice versa :the police have entered the Ambilegama Makiriyawa village in the night at about 8.30 on the 17th , and recorded the statements of the complainants under duress.

Though the factory officials are the accused based on the complaints made , the police have instead of taking the side of the complainants gone with the factory officials and a factory group of 20 to 30 in a row of factory vehicles in the night to obtain the statements of the complaints. The police officers have entered the houses of complainants , Karunadasa, Dhavin Singho and Bandara rudely woken them up , threatened and frightened them until 11.30 p.m.

This action reportedly is absolutely unlawful and partial , because the police had brazenly acted on behalf of the factory owners against the aggrieved people.

It is noteworthy that these factory officials have worked for the victory of Minister Johnston’s son at the last elections . A number of factory vehicles were provided for his election activity while the OIC of the police had also openly canvassed and campaigned for Johnston’s son along with Dimuthu who provides laborers to the factory . Mind you, this duo also played an active role in the intimidating and frightening tactics adopted against the complainants yesterday night.

The Jiffy factory that belongs to Norway ,a country that leads and screams in support of environmental protection is not only polluting the environment within Sri Lanka , but even contributing to the deaths of the Sri Lankans by slow poisoning.

It is Sandeeptha Gamlath the brother of Suhada Gamlath, the secretary to courts who is the local chief of the factory , and is therefore the arch enemy of the Sri Lankan people in this environmental poisoning. The media that exposed this poison generating factory had also been threatened by those capitalizing on the power and influence of Suhada Gamlath.

This same Sandeeptha Gamlath who is guilty of a crime equivalent to treason for jeopardizing the lives of his own people after selling half of himself to Norway for filthy lucre has even held out threats to the people’s representatives. The other traitor who is extending support to Sandeeptha ‘s anti national traitorous activities is the chairman of Wayambe environment authority , Saman Senanayake.

It is this delinquent chairman who had been issuing environmental reports every 6 months to this ‘killer’ factory . These reports issued every six months too are absolutely illegal.

(Please also read the news report ‘The Gurugodawatte Norwegian Jiffy factory is poisoning innocent people - even worse than Rathupaswala disaster’
http://www.lankaenews.com/English/news.php?id=13890)

Sri Lanka: Environmental protester remanded of fack charges; Fear grips Dorape


DSI piket 410px 19-10-13
24 died of cancer in our village

SRI LANKA BRIEFSaturday, October 19, 2013

Fear has gripped residents of Dorape after a man who protested against the poisonous gas emissions from the SRRI rubber factory attached to DSI group, has been arrested by the counter terrorism unit of the Sri Lankan Police last morning (18), the BBC Sandeshaya reports.


Regional correspondent Rathnasiri Nallaperuma has told the BBC Sandeshaya that the man - Kanaththa Gamage Norbert Silva was arrested by police who stormed his home at around 2am.
Police has also seized hand grenades and ammunition, it adds.

Noting that he has not heard of Dorape residents using bombs or other weapons before, the correspondent has said that residents have been receiving anonymous telephone calls for a few weeks since joining the protest demonstrations against the pollution from the SRRI factory.

"The People are only requesting for their right to live. The right to breathe and the right to clean water supply. This was initially triggered by the Chairmen of the Akmeemana and Imaduwa Pradeshiya Sabhas, he has told BBC Sandeshaya.

It is reported that 26 residents in Welikonda have died from cancer within two years.

Noting that Mr. Silva's family members are astonished as to how weapons were were in the house, the correspondent has further said area residents suspect that the weapons were planted by factory officials using a third person.

Speaking, Mr. Silva's lawyer Buddhi Jayawardena has told BBC Sandeshaya that his client was produced before Galle Magistrate courts and was ordered to be held in remand custody until Oct. 30.

Speaking to BBC Sandeshaya, police spokesman SSP Ajith Rohana has confirmed that the seized weapons were not discovered within the house but in the land premises.

He has further said that they are investigating to ascertain whether they were planted deliberately by some other party and action would be taken if it was proven to be so.

However, the arrest had no connection with the protest demonstration against the factory, the police spokesman had further said.
(Lanka-e-News-19.Oct.2013, 8.30PM) A grave disaster is in the creation in Kobiyagane Gurugodawatte area in Kurunegala much worse than that befell Rathupaswala by the diversion of the toxic waste water from the Norwegian –Sri Lanka Jiffy factory into the Deduru Oya .

The officials of this factory are intimidating and threatening the employees who wrote letters in this regard , and following the injunction order obtained based on the several media reports . The huge devastation this Jiffy factory is precipitating had been revealed in detail in the letters .

It is hoped that at least after reading this news report the eyes of the authorities will open.

Religious leaders to take to the streets

bodubala senaReligious leaders have objected to the Mahinda Rajapaksa government’s move to legalize casinos and gambling in the country.
Leaders of all religious groups in the country have expressed their views at a news conference held at the Abayarama Temple in Narahenpita, Colombo recently.
They have warned that they would be compelled to take to the streets on the day when parliament takes up the debate on new regulations under the Strategic Development Act where tax holidays are to be given to casino projects.
The proposed legislation is to be presented to parliament on the 24th and 25th of this month.
Co-chairperson of Congress of Religions, Cardinal Dr. Malcolm Ranjith has said the Catholic Council does not approve of casinos.
“We request the government to stop this programme immediately because this will not benefit the ordinary people of our country. The country can earn revenue through a well-managed tourism industry. We believe that Sri Lanka should not fall to a low level,” he has noted.
Ven. Maduluwawe Sobitha Thero has said that the country is ruled by a party created by a leader who made the race-course a university and bringing casinos to Sri Lanka after taking over the leadership of the party, is a national crime.

Protest campaign against monk’s alleged sexual abuse of orphan

By Nadia Fazlulhaq-Sunday, October 20, 2013
JMO’s report confirms severe sexual abuse which police, child protection authorities ‘refused to see’ for two years
Probation officers, along with child rights activists, vow to conduct a protest campaign against the inaction of police and child protection authority officials to arrest a Buddhist monk for allegedly causing sexual harm to a boy under his supervision at an orphanage in Vavuniya.
Our photographer Priyantha Hewage took these photographs (above and below) under difficult circumstances when NCPA officials arrived at the home to take away the children to a safer refuge. The chief suspect is also in the picture above.
The Sundaytimes Sri LankaAfter a Judicial Medical Officer’s (JMO) report revealed that a 10-year-old boy had suffered sexual abuse, including injuring his private parts with a sharp object, the National Child Protection Authority (NCPA) last week transfered all 22 children from the Seth Sevana orphanage supervised and managed by Ven. Etambagaskada Kalyanatissa Thera.
The children have been brought to Colombo. The Sunday Times learns that despite continuous complaints during the past two years, from the district child rights officer and the supervisor appointed by the Probation Department, the NCPA had not responded to the complaints. 
“It is only after the child’s mother lodged a complaint with the Vavuniya police that the NCPA rushed to the place and took away the children. However, the suspect monk is still to be questioned or arrested,” said All Island Probation Officers Association Secretary, K.K. Keerthiratne.
He said that there have been several complaints, both verbal and written. According to him, in 2011, Vavuniya Probation Officer Ruwan Dharmadasa lodged a complaint with the NCPA. 
“However, the NCPA Chairman responded in a letter (PU/11/01/01) that the orphanage has no such issue and that the inmates were happy. Since then, our complaints were hardly responded to,” he added.
“If the authorities could have arrested a Catholic nun who was the head of an orphanage in Rawatawatta, even before recording statements, and arrested the Pastor of the Agape children’s home, without recording statements from the children, why should this incident be treated differently? Civil status should not be considered when a crime is committed against a child,” he said. 
The victim is from Poovarasakulum, a rural village in Vavuniya gripped by poverty,. The victim’s mother, a 56 year-old widow with five children, told the Sunday Times that she had no means of income after her husband was killed by a militant group.
A worker at the home tries to shut out the photographer
As she had to work as a domestic aide, she handed over her son to the temple authorities, after the monk promised to take care of him. 
“I wanted him to be educated. But after I handed him over, I was allowed to meet him only twice within the last two years. Last year I complained to the NCPA, and a statement was recorded. After many requests, I got my son back in December 2012. He has been crying out loud every time he used the toilet, and complained of severe pain while urinating. He was not the child he used to be,” she said.
Following continuous pain and bleeding, she admitted him to the Vavuniya Hospital, after which he had confessed. 
“There were JMO reports both from Vavuniya and Anuradhapura. I complained to the grama niladhari, the police and to officials of an international humanitarian organisation in Vavuniya too,” she said.
Police Spokesman SP Ajith Rohana told the Sunday Times that there is a lack of credible evidence to arrest the said monk, and that the police were still in the process of recording statements from the children who were brought to Colombo from Vavuniya. “There are some contradictory statements in the JMO’s reports regarding this child’s incident. We cannot act only on one medical report, the police needs more evidence,” the spokesman said. 
Regarding the police constable who is presently attached to the temple, the Police spokesman said that almost all temples in this area have been given a police officer for security purposes during the conflict years, and they continue to remain on duty.
Child Development and Women’s Affairs Ministry Secretary Eric Illeyapparachchi said that the NCPA has been instructed to conduct a comprehensive inquiry into the incident.
Both Child Development Minister Tissa Karaliyedda and NCPA Chairperson Anoma Dissanayake are overseas attending programmes on children. Save the Children’s International Child Safeguarding Director, Menaca Calyaratne said that if the child was in the care of the monk, he should be held responsible for providing a safe environment for children.
“While justice is sought for the affected child, all the support the child needs to recover from this incident and its trauma, should be provided,” she said.  She said if children have to be placed in institutional care, these institutions must be constantly monitored by the government authority, to ensure that the children’s rights are not violated.

by Swadesh Roy 

( October 18, 2013, Dhaka, Sri Lanka Guardian) Now Bangladesh is in festive mood but if you go to any club or any place where intellectual peoples gather, you can hear a different discussion and that is regarding politics. The same thing is also discussed by some common people in there assembly. Because there are some sort of political uncertainty in Bangladesh now.

According to the government version, there is no political uncertainty in the country. The concise speech of them is that, they have made amendment in the constitution according to the direction of the Supreme Court of the country. So, the country is now running as per the direction of the constitution and they have no right to do any thing out of the constitution. On the other hand, the demand of the opposition is that, they want a non political neutral government, which they called caretaker government for conducting general election of the country. They think that, if government goes under the direction of the constitution, election will not be held free and fair because election will be conducted under the present government. They don’t consider it that under the present government a free and fair election will be held. However, the government has given the answer several times that, under this government more than five thousand local government election and more than twenty by- election of the parliament member have been held and in very recently five big city corporation election were held and all the city corporation election the opposition have won. So, it is not true, which hasbeen told by the opposition that free- fair election will not be held under this government. In addition, they are telling that there is no scope for adding caretaker system in the constitution. Besides that Prime Minister is telling that, we have seen caretaker government more than three times; they were basically military back government besides in 2007 to 2008 those two years the country was run by an unconstitutional government in the name of caretaker government. That is why in any stage we have to start a political system. We have to keep faith in political system. One the other hand, the opposition is telling that, government has violated the judgment of Supreme Court, in the judgment of the Supreme Court the Justice gave an observation that two elections could be held under the caretaker government. In spite of that government did not add the caretaker system in the constitution. Government is telling that it is half truth, in that observation, Justice has written that, caretaker government is an unconstitutional matter but if the parliament thinks they can make a provision of caretaker system for two terms. However, the parliament has made a constitution amendment committee, they discussed with different forum of the society and they have taken the final decision. 

However, now in Bangladesh, it is the reality that the present government will not go for a re-amendment of the constitution and they are advancing for an election according to constitution. Probably government will go to give a direction to the election commission for heading general election. In that case the government of the election time must be formed by the present government in mid November. 

Now it is mid-October and Bangladesh is going through a big festival which is Eid Ul Azha. All the government offices are now closed. And most of the people of Dhaka city have gone to their village home. They will return by 22 or 23 October. On the other hand the present session of the parliament will continue till 24 October and in a meeting of the secretary of the the country the Prime Minister declared that, after 25 October the present government will not call any parliament session. From this declaration, the oppositions have made confusion in the country; they have circulated that 25 October is the last working day of this government. So, after that time if the government continues, they are not legal. So, at that time opposition will go for a tough road agitation that the government should bound to step down. Besides that, in Bangladesh, now there is another problem that is the trial of the war criminals. Their followers have been doing one kind of arms struggle to make destabilize the government for last ten months. They have killed many of the law enforcement members besides they have tried many times to make a communal riot. For this reason they have killed the minority people mostly those belonging to Hindu religion and they have vandalized many temples and the sculpture of the Goddess. According to media these war criminal followers are preparing to hit the government to join with other Islamic fundamentalist parties and group. 

To see the spreading of this confusion, last week the Prime Minister has made it clear, she has told it through the working committee meeting of her party that according to the constitution this government can continue till 24 January of 2014. Besides that she also said that, if the opposition does any harm to the people, government will not tolerate it. Government will prevent it in any cost. After the declaration of the Prime Minister, the general secretary of the of the main opposition party, Bangladesh Nationalist Party has told that from 24 October they will play a final game, it will take one week only; simultaneously his senior colleague Shadek Hossien Khoka, one of the standing committee members of his party said, his part will go for a arms struggle from 25 October against government. War criminals followers are now in one kind of arms struggle; if the main opposition goes in the same way, it will not be a good sign for the country. Bangladesh law enforcement members are enough to spoil it but it is not good for the politics. It must help one portion of the politics to take the path of the terrorism. 

Swadesh Roy, Executive Editor, the Daily Janakantha, Dhaka, and Bangaldesh he can be reached at swadeshroy@gmail.com
White Van Stories - Sri Lanka

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They hijack your lives. By the shadows of night; by the piercing light of day. They come for you in aggressive military green. Sometimes in cunning civilian shades. They grab you by throat without reason; they collar your shoulder without a warrant. Like slaves to savages you are led against your will. You are forced to leave behind a home of broken spirits to lament your loss; loved ones who will tirelessly look for you.

A search that will only leave them dry lunged and distraught in the face of unsympathetic officials and hostile threats.

Nobody knows where you are. You are no longer a recorded statistic of society.

You just don’t exist anymore.

Kanavuppattarai Productions presents…White Van Stories – a 2 hour docu-feature on enforced disappearances in SriLanka following seven characters from the families of the disappeared in North, East and South Provinces of Lanka.

Written, Directed and Produced by Leena Manimekalai, an independent Filmmaker, Poet and an Actor from Chennai. Her works include three published poetry anthologies and a dozen films in genres of documentary, fiction and experimental visual poetry. Her films have been recognized with avid participation and best film awards in many international and national film festivals.

The teaser can be viewed below.
TamilWeek Pays Homage to Rosa Parks, marking the 8th Death Anniversary of the Legendary & Inspirational Civil-Human Rights Activist

RosaParksUSPSRosaParks
http://jameslogancourier.org/skins/laila/img/flags/prime/Jonathanapilado.jpgFrom wikipedia:Monday, February 04, 2013
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an African American seamstress and civil rights activist whom the U.S. Congress dubbed the "Mother of the Modern-Day Civil Rights Movement".

Parks is famous for her refusal on December 1, 1955 to obey bus driver James Blake's demand that she relinquish her seat to a white passenger. Her subsequent arrest and trial for this act of civil disobedience triggered the Montgomery Bus Boycott, one of the largest and most successful mass movements against racial segregation in history, and launched Martin Luther King, Jr., one of the organizers of the boycott, to the forefront of the civil rights movement. Her role in American history earned her an iconic status in American culture, and her actions have left an enduring legacy for civil rights movements around the world.
Visit montgomeryboycott.com for a complete audio/video and newspaper archive of the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Celebrate Black History Month with The Courier

Colombo CHOGM means condoning Sri Lanka: HR expert

CCD's report on war widows was launched on Wednesday, 16 October 2013, at House of Commons. The event was chaired by Mr Stephen Timms, MP for Eastham.
War Widows Report Launch
TamilNet[TamilNet, Saturday, 19 October 2013, 23:44 GMT]
“Sri Lanka has got a lot to answer internationally in actually accepting an investigation into the atrocities. We don’t think that the CHOGM should be happening in Colombo, because it is like an almost condonation [of Sri Lanka],” said Margaret Owen, the director of Widows for Peace through Democracy (WPD), 3 months ago at a conference held in London by the Centre for Community Development (CDC). “Could we talk [on Sri Lanka] to the Foreign Office, whom we are in discussions with the whole time on revising the UK national action plan,” Ms Owen said she had asked her group. The response from the members of her own group was that even attempting to mention Sri Lanka to the FCO may blow everything else the group was working with the British FCO. “That is the attitude, I am afraid at the moment. The UK doesn't feel it can get involved.” 


Saturday, October 19, 2013

Much ado about CHOGM



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Much has been said concerning Sri Lanka hosting the approaching Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM). A significant part of the discussion has been with regard to Canada’s decision to boycott CHOGM. In his official statement Prime Minister Stephen Harper stated that:

The indications that Indian Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, may withhold his attendance at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Sri Lanka are a reminder that David Cameron has missed a significant opportunity- Alexander

LabourDouglas Alexander MP Labour’s Shadow Foreign Secretary, responding to reports indicating that Indian Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh will not attend the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting in Sri Lanka, said:

“The indications that Indian Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, may withhold his attendance at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Sri Lanka are a reminder that David Cameron has missed a significant opportunity to pressure the Sri Lankan government on its human rights record.

“David Cameron’s own government’s human rights audit recently designated Sri Lanka as a “country of concern” because of the on-going use of torture and extrajudicial killings by the police.

"For months Labour has called on David Cameron to use the prospect of his non-attendance at the Commonwealth summit to exert real pressure on the Sri Lankan authorities, and encourage President Rajapaska to halt his government’s worrying disregard for the human rights of its citizens.”

Welcome To The Land Of The Tumpane Modayas


Colombo Telegraph
By Emil van der Poorten -October 20, 2013 
Emil van der Poorten
I have, on several occasions, referred to a completely illegal, neighbourhood garbage dump which is significantly reducing the life expectancy of several families drawing their drinking water from the springs which it has polluted for the past ten years, not to mention the poisoning of the headwaters of the Deduru Oya river into which this rural sewer empties.
Recently, there was yet another outrage.
We were informed that two tanker loads of raw sewage was hauled up the hill and dumped, not even on top of the piled up garbage on the hillside, but adjacent to it, right into one of the  stream beds.
This was on the 5th of September and the matter was brought to public notice by a member of the only family able to tolerate the stench, mosquitoes and flies of that particular garbage dump primarily because he and his family have nowhere else to go.  Not surprisingly, this individual told me that that the employees of the local body riding on the garbage tractor were very nearly overcome by the stench of raw sewage as hey proceeded up the hill with their loads of (sweeter-smelling?) domestic and hospital garbage!  This was indeed a new low even for a jurisdiction which seems to be determined to write the definitive manual on “Impunity in Rural Sri Lanka.”
Of course, the moment efforts were made to identify the tanker trucks which had had to have been hired because none of the local government entities are known to have any, everyone clammed up and, while admitting, there had been a terrible stench which only dissipated after heavy rain took the sewage downstream, could not recall from where the s…t came!  Had the silence exhibited by these minions of one of the most corrupt and incompetent local bodies around, operating with the obvious protection of senior politicians, one would only have arrived at the conclusion that some strange extra-terrestrial beings had driven two phantom tanker trucks up a lonely dirt track and dropped off those uniquely-scented loads so that they could stink up a whole, (fortunately sparsely-populated) neighbourhood, from where the effluent could make its merry way into the Dik-Oya which constitutes the sole water supply of people in that part of the North Western Province, in the Weudavilli Hatpattuwa of legend, who would consume it while believing in its pristine purity!

Read More

Resolve The Land Rights Problems In The North

Colombo Telegraph
By R.M.B Senanayake -October 20, 2013
R.M.B. Senanayake
According to information from NGOs working in the Vavuniya District there are several inter-ethnic problems relating to the ownership of land in the Vavuniya and Mannar Districts. Fifty years ago before the War the Nedunkerny area was thick jungle and so were the banks of the Ma Oya which serves as the boundary between the Vavuniya and Trincomalee districts. During the war these lands came t be occupied illegally by the Tamils from the northern side and the Sinhalese from the southern side. The former were promoted by the LTTE and the latter by nationalist Sinhalese politicians and the Army which was fighting the LTTE. Similar problems of land occupation exist in Mullaitivu particularly round the Kokilai lagoon. The Sinhalese fishermen from the area north of Negombo would regularly migrate to the Mullaitivu coast during the South West monsoon when fishing was not possible on the west coast. They would go to Mullaitivu for the fishing season there and return to their homes after the season. There were few Tamil fishermen then. Later some of these migrant fishermen settled in areas around the lagoon. There were also other settlements by the Sinhalese promoted by government politicians such as the Dollar and Kent farms in Vavuniya North. These settlers have problems regarding their land rights.
IDPs who returned may find their lands occupied by others. The UNHCR recognizes the property restitution (or property compensation for those unable to return to their places of origin). This principle could be applied in a systematic way by an official body. The NGOs are engaged in rehabilitation work but normalization requires recognition of the land rights of those in occupation of the disputed lands and compensation for the rightful owners who cannot be restored to their original habitations.  Protracted situations where the people’s rights to the land occupied by them are not recognized by the rest of the community can prevent IDPs from getting on with a normal life, from reaching their full potential and fully contributing to the community. It can also contribute to the creation of a culture of dependency on NGOs and render parts of the IDP population vulnerable to exploitation.